14 Questions
What is the Greek word origin of 'toxicology'?
Toxikos
What is the study of the adverse effects of chemical, biological or physical agents on living organisms?
Toxicology
What is the primary focus of pharmacology?
Study of the interactions between chemical substances and living systems
What is the difference between toxicology and pharmacology?
Toxicology focuses on the adverse effects, while pharmacology focuses on the beneficial effects
What is the traditional definition of toxicology?
The science of poisons
What is the goal of modern toxicology?
To prevent and ameliorate the adverse effects of xenobiotics
What was one of the primary uses of knowledge about toxic substances by cave dwellers?
For hunting
Who is considered the founder of modern toxicology?
A Spanish physician, Orfila
In what year was the National Institutes of Health (NIH) first established in the US?
1870
What was the name of the treatise written by Moses Maimonides in 1198?
The Treatise on Poisons and Their Antidotes
In which year was the Institute for Medical Research (IMR) launched in Malaysia?
2003
What was the name of the gas used in the Tokyo Subway attack?
Sarin Gas
During which time period did the Age of Enlightenment occur?
Renaissance
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Institute in Malaysia?
World Health Organization (WHO)
Study Notes
Fundamentals of Toxicology
- Definition of Toxicology: The study of the adverse effects of chemical, biological, or physical agents on living organisms and the ecosystem, including the prevention and amelioration of such adverse effects.
Evolution of Toxicology
- Antiquity: Cave dwellers had knowledge of the adverse effects of naturally occurring substances used in hunting.
- Middle Ages: Moses Maimonides (1198) wrote "The Treatise on Poisons and Their Antidotes", a collection of writings on toxicology.
- Renaissance: Spanish physician, Orfila, founded modern toxicology.
- Age of Enlightenment: No specific information.
- 21st century: Modern toxicology involves National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other institutions.
Modern Toxicology
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) established in the US in late 1870, responsible for biomedical and public health research.
- NIH approved in the 7th Malaysian Plan (7MP) and officially launched in 2003.
- Institutes under NIH:
- Institute for Medical Research (IMR)
- Institute for Public Health (IPH)
- Institute for Clinical Research (ICR)
- Institute for Health System Research (IHSR)
- Institute for Health Management (IHM)
- Institute for Health Behavioural Research (IHBR)
Toxicology vs Pharmacology
- Pharmacology: Study of drugs that involve examination of the interactions between chemical substances with living systems, in order to understanding the properties of drugs and their actions.
- Toxicology: Study of the adverse physicochemical effects of xenobiotics (chemical, physical, or biological agents) on living organisms and the ecosystem, including the prevention and amelioration of such adverse effects.
Historical Incident
- Sarin Gas Attack on the Tokyo Subway: A notable toxicological incident.
This quiz covers the introduction to toxicology, general principles of toxicology, disposition of toxicants, and target organ toxicity. It's part of the PHA3800 course.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
