Pharmaceutical Technology - Solutions Quiz

Iodine is used as an antiseptic.

Glycerol is used as a preservative.

Ephedrine HCl acts as a vasoconstrictor.

<p>They cannot be mixed due to a chemical reaction that occurs between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total volume is 50 ml.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium chloride is used to maintain osmotic pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerine, propylene glycol, alcohol, or water can be used as solvents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorobutol is used as a preservative and antiseptic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the solubility of substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium bicarbonate is calculated by multiplying 0.06 g by the factor of 10, resulting in 0.6 g.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fine particles may adhere to the stirrer, preventing proper dissolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total volume is 40 ml.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A solution is a liquid preparation containing one or more pharmaceutical substances dissolved in suitable solvents to form a single-phase system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerine acts as a soothing and sweetening agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adult carminative mixture includes 15 ml (m xv) of aromatic spirit of ammonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weigh the solid ingredient and put it in a beaker, subtract the volume of liquid ingredient from 3/4 of the final volume, and dissolve the solid in the remaining vehicle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standard solutions are solutions of known concentration that are prepared from strong solutions to create weaker solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The volume is completed by adding enough peppermint water after mixing other ingredients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syrups are aqueous solutions containing sugar, while elixirs are combinations of water and alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The recommended dosage is half a teaspoonful three times a day after meals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The label includes the recipe name, doctor's name, patient's name, date, and directions for use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solutions can be prepared by chemical reaction; for example, forming sodium chloride solution by dissolving table salt in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Injections are solutions prepared to be sterile, pyrogen-free, and intended for parenteral administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aromatic waters are solutions of aromatic materials in aqueous solvent, whereas spirits are solutions of aromatic materials in alcoholic solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes crystallization, leading to the formation of large crystals that are difficult to redissolve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>850 g of sucrose is required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerine acts as a solvent and sweetening agent in the formulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emetic dose for adults is 10 – 30 ml.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The method involves mixing tincture of tolu balsam with magnesium carbonate and sucrose, then adding distilled water and filtering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used as an expectorant and flavoring agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Care must be taken to prevent overheating, which could alter the properties of the syrup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnesium carbonate serves as a distributing agent to help dissolve the resinous content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main types of syrups are nonmedicated syrups, used as flavoring agents, and medicated syrups, which have therapeutic benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sucrose is preferred due to its purity, degree of sweetness, lack of color, ease of handling, and inertness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fermentation occurs when microorganisms grow on sucrose, leading to turbidity, odor changes, and taste changes, which negatively affect syrup quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis of sucrose produces monosaccharides like dextrose and fructose, which are sweeter and fermented more easily than sucrose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types are sugar-based syrups, which use concentrated sugar solutions, and sugar-free syrups, which use artificial sweeteners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher sucrose concentration inhibits microbial growth, while lower concentrations provide a nutrient medium that can promote fermentation and spoilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syrups should be stored at room temperature in tightly stoppered, well-filled bottles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invert sugars are formed through the hydrolysis of sucrose and include dextrose and fructose, which are sweeter and degrade more easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain the highest possible alcoholic strength and minimize the separation of alcohol-soluble components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates that flavoring oils have separated, and the mixture is allowed to stand to coalesce the oil globules for easier filtration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water and alcohol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elixirs are more viscous than spirits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerin acts as a thickening agent and increases the solubility of phenobarbital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-40%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as a flavoring agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After mixing the ingredients, sufficient water is added to produce 1000 ml, and the mixture is filtered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Liquid preparations where one or more pharmaceutical substances are dissolved in a solvent to form a single phase.

Solutions with precisely known concentrations, used to make other solutions.

Solutions can be liquid in liquid (alcohol in water), gas in liquid (ammonia), or solid in liquid (saltwater).

Solutions are made through various methods: simple mixing, chemical reactions, or mixing with sterilization.

Aqueous solutions containing sugar.

Combinations of water and alcohol.

Sterile, pyrogen-free solutions for parenteral administration.

Solutions made from extracting active ingredients from natural sources.

Methods to increase how easily a substance dissolves in a liquid.

Decreasing the size of solid particles to improve their dissolving rate.

Choosing the best liquid to dissolve a substance based on its ability to dissolve.

Using methods other than stirring for substances with very small particles, e.g., circulating solution.

Opening the container when a gas is released during a process.

A medicine that helps relieve gas pain.

Specific measurements for infant carminative mixture.

Specific measurements for adult carminative mixture.

Syrups made with concentrated sugar like sucrose or dextrose, providing sweetness and viscosity.

Syrups formulated with artificial sweeteners like sorbitol, offering a sugar-free option.

Microorganisms like yeasts and molds can grow in dilute sugar solutions, leading to changes in color, smell, and taste, potentially spoiling the syrup.

Sucrose breaks down into simpler sugars (dextrose, fructose) with the help of acids. This process, called inversion, changes the sweetness and can cause browning of the syrup.

The simpler sugars (dextrose, fructose) formed after sucrose breaks down. These sugars are sweeter and ferment easier.

The browning of syrups containing acids, caused by the degradation of fructose formed by hydrolysis.

Syrups are typically stored in tightly sealed bottles at room temperature to prevent contamination and maintain quality.

The paint contains peppermint oil for flavor, iodine as an antiseptic, and glycerol for preservation. It's mixed with alcohol and then topped off with glycerol to reach 1000 ml.

First, dissolve peppermint oil in alcohol. Then, add this mixture to the iodine solution and mix thoroughly. Finally, add enough glycerol to bring the total volume to 1000 ml.

These solutions are used to treat fungal infections. When mixed, they react to precipitate sulfur on the skin, killing the fungus.

First, apply solution I to the skin. Wait two minutes, then apply solution II. Never mix them together in the same bottle.

Nasal drops are liquids used in the nose to treat various problems. They can be antiseptic, pain-relieving, or reduce congestion.

Nasal drops need to be isotonic (same saltiness) and have the same pH as nasal secretions, so they don't irritate the nose.

The ingredients are ephedrine HCl for decongestion, NaCl to maintain osmotic pressure, chlorobutol as a preservative, antiseptic, and analgesic, and water.

Dissolve chlorobutol in hot water. Then, add ephedrine HCl and NaCl. Finally, fill the volume to 50 ml with water.

A syrup prepared according to the British Pharmacopeia, containing 667 g of sucrose dissolved in enough purified water to make 1000 ml.

A syrup prepared according to the United States Pharmacopeia, containing 850 g of sucrose dissolved in enough purified water to make 1000 ml, using boiling water.

A syrup containing 70 ml of ipecac fluid extract and 100 ml of glycerine, diluted with simple syrup to a total volume of 1000 ml.

A syrup containing 50 ml of tolu balsam tincture, 10 g of magnesium carbonate, and 820 g of sucrose, diluted with purified water to a total volume of 1000 ml.

Magnesium carbonate is used to distribute the tolu balsam tincture in the syrup because it's alkaline and helps dissolve the resinous content of tolu balsam.

Saturation and refrigeration help prevent mold growth and inversion in syrups, but temperatures below 4°C can cause crystallization (large crystals form and are difficult to dissolve).

Hydrolysis of sucrose, breaking it down into simpler sugars (dextrose and fructose) with the help of acids. This changes sweetness and can cause browning.

The browning of syrups containing acids, caused by the degradation of fructose formed by hydrolysis.

Substances that dissolve well in alcohol, often used for flavorings or active ingredients in medications.

Substances that dissolve in water, often used as stabilizers, sweeteners, or preservatives in medications.

To maintain the highest alcoholic strength and prevent separation of alcohol-soluble components, the water-based solution is added slowly to the alcohol-based solution.

Elixirs are sweetened, viscous mixtures of alcohol and water, used internally. Spirits are highly concentrated alcoholic solutions, for internal or external use.

This elixir contains phenobarbital (sedative), tincture of orange peel (flavor), glycerin (thickener and solubility aid), syrup (sweetener), and amaranth solution (colorant).

This elixir contains paracetamol (pain reliever), alcohol (solvent), chloroform spirit (flavor and preservative), propylene glycol (solvent), rose berry juice (flavor), amaranth solution (color), and invert syrup (sweetener).

Glycerin is added to increase the viscosity and improve the solubility of medications like phenobarbital.

Alcohol-soluble and water-soluble components are dissolved separately to ensure they dissolve fully and minimize separation when combined.