18 Questions
What is the purpose of adding preservatives to suspensions?
To prevent microbial growth.
What is the mechanism of flocculation in suspensions?
Flocculation agents are added to floc the drug particles.
How do suspending agents affect the sedimentation behavior of suspensions?
Suspending agents slow down sedimentation.
What are the five categories of suspending agents?
Natural polysaccharides, clays, synthetic agents, and miscellaneous compounds.
What is the main difference between deflocculated and flocculated suspensions?
Deflocculated suspensions have particles that are dispersed individually, while flocculated suspensions have particles that are clustered together.
What is the purpose of thickeners in suspensions?
To increase the viscosity of the suspension.
What is the purpose of using a wetting agent in a suspension?
To remove air from the surface and allow easy penetration of the vehicle into the pores
How do ionic surfactants bring about flocculation of suspended particles?
By causing neutralization of the charge on each particle, allowing van der Waals forces to attract particles towards each other
What is the effect of increasing the viscosity of the dispersion medium on the terminal settling velocity of suspended particles?
The terminal settling velocity decreases, resulting in a slower rate of sedimentation
What is the primary difference between ionic and non-ionic surfactants in terms of flocculation?
Ionic surfactants neutralize the charge, while non-ionic surfactants are adsorbed onto multiple particles forming a loose flocculated structure
What is the disadvantage of increasing the viscosity of a suspension in terms of patient dosing?
It decreases the pourability of the suspension, making it more inconvenient for patients to dose
What is the primary difference between a deflocculated and flocculated suspension?
A deflocculated suspension has individual particles, while a flocculated suspension has particles that are loosely aggregated
What is the primary reason for using suspensions in pharmacy, especially for insoluble drugs?
Insoluble drugs, difficulty in swallowing solid dosage forms, unpleasant taste of drug, and need to control the rate of release of drug
What is the criteria for a good suspension?
Re-suspend easily upon shaking, settle rapidly after shaking, after shaking, medicament stays in suspension long enough for a dose to be measured, pourable, and particles are small and uniform in size
What is the advantage of suspensions in terms of bioavailability?
Drug in suspension exhibits higher rate of bioavailability
What is the difference between deflocculated and flocculated suspensions?
Deflocculated suspensions have separate particles, while flocculated suspensions have clusters of particles
What is the role of suspending agents in suspensions?
Suspending agents help to stabilize the suspension and prevent sedimentation
How do flocculation mechanisms affect the sedimentation behavior of suspensions?
Flocculation mechanisms can increase the sedimentation rate of suspensions by forming larger particle clusters
Test your knowledge of suspending and thickening agents used in pharmaceuticals, including their functions, categories, and examples. Learn about the different types of agents and their applications. Evaluate your understanding of the role of these agents in maintaining optimal viscosity and preventing sedimentation.
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