33 Questions
Why do the antibacterial potencies of primary alcohols increase with molecular weight up to C8?
Because the molecular weight of the alcohol determines its lipophilicity
What is the primary mechanism of anti-infective agents?
Destroying or killing microorganisms that cause infection
What is the main difference between a germicide and an antiseptic?
Germicides are used on inanimate objects, while antiseptics are used on living tissues
What is the most important means of preventing the transmission of infectious agents?
Washing hands frequently
What is the difference between a disinfectant and an antiseptic?
Disinfectants are used on inanimate objects, while antiseptics are used on living tissues
What is the primary source of Eugenol?
Eugenia caryophyllus
What is the mechanism of action of Glutaraldehyde?
Protein denaturation
What is the use of Phenol in modern times?
As an antipruritic in phenolated calamine lotion
What is the effect of alkyl groups on the bactericidal activity of Phenol?
Increases bactericidal activity
What is the mechanism of action of Hexachlorophene?
Injury to cell membrane and cell lysis
Why must Resorcinol be stored in tight, light-resistant containers?
It is light sensitive and oxidizes readily
What is the purpose of adding substances to denatured alcohol?
To make it unfit for use in intoxicating beverages
What is the primary use of isopropyl alcohol?
Disinfecting the skin and surgical instruments
What is the minimum percentage of ethanol in dehydrated alcohol?
99% w/w
What is the mechanism of action of ethylene oxide?
Alkylation of functional groups in nucleic acids and proteins
What is the concentration range of isopropyl alcohol that is rapidly bactericidal?
50% to 95%
What is the purpose of adding methanol to formaldehyde solution?
To retard polymerization
What is the percentage of hydrogen peroxide in 10-volume $H_2O_2$?
3%
What is the mode of action of hydroous benzoyle peroxide in the treatment of acne?
It induces proliferation of epithelial cells, leading to sloughing and repair.
What is the name of the complex of iodine and nonionic surfactants that retains the germicidal properties of iodine?
Iodophors
Which of the following is a cationic surfactant?
Cetylpyridinium chloride
What is the mode of action of chlorhexidine gluconate?
It causes injury to cell membrane, leading to leakage of cell contents.
What is the name of the solution used to treat ringworm and athlete's foot?
Carbol-fuchsin solution
What is the antidote for cyanide poisoning?
Methylene blue
What is the advantage of iodophors over iodine?
Iodophors are less irritating than iodine.
What is the mode of action of mercury compounds?
They react with sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in enzymes and other proteins.
What is the name of the germicide that is used to control diaper rash in infants?
Methylbenzethonium chloride
What is the primary use of thimerosal (old Merthiolate)?
As a topical bacteriostatic antiseptic
What is the ideal characteristic of a preservative?
Effective at low concentrations against all possible microorganisms
What is the primary difference between methylparaben and propylparaben?
Methylparaben is more effective against yeasts, while propylparaben is more effective against molds
What is the primary use of chlorobutanol?
As a bacteriostatic agent in pharmaceuticals for injection, ophthalmic use, and intranasal administration
What is the primary characteristic of fatty acids and their salts?
They have antifungal properties
What is the primary use of undecylenic acid?
Traditionally used for athlete’s foot (tinea pedis)
Test your understanding of anti-infective agents, including germicides, antiseptics, and disinfectants, and their applications in pharmaceutical medicinal organic chemistry. Learn about the different types of anti-infectives and their mechanisms of action. Review key concepts in pharmaceutical science and organic chemistry.
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