Pharmaceutical Medicinal Organic Chemistry: Anti-Infective Agents

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Why do the antibacterial potencies of primary alcohols increase with molecular weight up to C8?

Because the molecular weight of the alcohol determines its ability to denature proteins

Because the molecular weight of the alcohol determines its lipophilicity (correct)

Because the molecular weight of the alcohol determines its ability to solubilize bacterial membranes

Because the molecular weight of the alcohol determines its solubility

What is the primary mechanism of anti-infective agents?

Enhancing the growth of beneficial microorganisms

Strengthening the immune system against infections

Destroying or killing microorganisms that cause infection (correct)

Preventing the growth of microorganisms

What is the main difference between a germicide and an antiseptic?

Germicides kill microorganisms, while antiseptics only prevent their growth

Germicides are used locally, while antiseptics are used systemically

Germicides are used on inanimate objects, while antiseptics are used on living tissues (correct)

Germicides are used to prevent infection, while antiseptics are used to treat infection

What is the most important means of preventing the transmission of infectious agents?

Washing hands frequently Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a disinfectant and an antiseptic?

Disinfectants are used on inanimate objects, while antiseptics are used on living tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of Eugenol?

Eugenia caryophyllus Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Glutaraldehyde?

Protein denaturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of Phenol in modern times?

As an antipruritic in phenolated calamine lotion Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of alkyl groups on the bactericidal activity of Phenol?

Increases bactericidal activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Hexachlorophene?

Injury to cell membrane and cell lysis Signup and view all the answers

Why must Resorcinol be stored in tight, light-resistant containers?

It is light sensitive and oxidizes readily Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding substances to denatured alcohol?

To make it unfit for use in intoxicating beverages Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of isopropyl alcohol?

Disinfecting the skin and surgical instruments Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum percentage of ethanol in dehydrated alcohol?

99% w/w Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of ethylene oxide?

Alkylation of functional groups in nucleic acids and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration range of isopropyl alcohol that is rapidly bactericidal?

50% to 95% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding methanol to formaldehyde solution?

To retard polymerization Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of hydrogen peroxide in 10-volume $H_2O_2$?

3% Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of hydroous benzoyle peroxide in the treatment of acne?

It induces proliferation of epithelial cells, leading to sloughing and repair. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the complex of iodine and nonionic surfactants that retains the germicidal properties of iodine?

Iodophors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cationic surfactant?

Cetylpyridinium chloride Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of chlorhexidine gluconate?

It causes injury to cell membrane, leading to leakage of cell contents. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the solution used to treat ringworm and athlete's foot?

Carbol-fuchsin solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for cyanide poisoning?

Methylene blue Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of iodophors over iodine?

Iodophors are less irritating than iodine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of mercury compounds?

They react with sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in enzymes and other proteins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the germicide that is used to control diaper rash in infants?

Methylbenzethonium chloride Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of thimerosal (old Merthiolate)?

As a topical bacteriostatic antiseptic Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal characteristic of a preservative?

Effective at low concentrations against all possible microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between methylparaben and propylparaben?

Methylparaben is more effective against yeasts, while propylparaben is more effective against molds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of chlorobutanol?

As a bacteriostatic agent in pharmaceuticals for injection, ophthalmic use, and intranasal administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of fatty acids and their salts?

They have antifungal properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of undecylenic acid?

Traditionally used for athlete’s foot (tinea pedis) Signup and view all the answers