Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the first step in reducing or enlarging a formula using the ratio and proportion method?
What is the first step in reducing or enlarging a formula using the ratio and proportion method?
- Calculate the conversion factor.
- List all the ingredients.
- Cross-multiply the ingredients.
- Identify the desired total quantity. (correct)
Which formula represents the relationship needed to find the amount of each ingredient when enlarging a formula?
Which formula represents the relationship needed to find the amount of each ingredient when enlarging a formula?
- $ rac{Total\,quantity\,of\,official\,formula}{X} = rac{Amount\,of\,each\,ingredient}{Total\,quantity\,desired}$
- $ rac{Amount\,of\,each\,ingredient}{Total\,quantity\,desired} = rac{Total\,quantity\,of\,official\,formula}{X}$
- $ rac{Amount\,of\,each\,ingredient\,in\,the\,official\,formula}{Total\,quantity\,of\,official\,formula} = rac{X}{Total\,quantity\,desired}$ (correct)
- $ rac{Total\,quantity\,desired}{Total\,quantity\,of\,official\,formula} = rac{X}{Amount\,of\,each\,ingredient}$
What value for peppermint oil would be calculated to make 240 ml of Peppermint Spirit from the official formula?
What value for peppermint oil would be calculated to make 240 ml of Peppermint Spirit from the official formula?
- 12 ml
- 240 ml
- 24 ml (correct)
- 30 ml
If the total quantity desired of a preparation is 600 ml and the total quantity of the official formula is 200 ml, what would be the conversion factor?
If the total quantity desired of a preparation is 600 ml and the total quantity of the official formula is 200 ml, what would be the conversion factor?
What is the correct calculation to find the amount of peppermint powder needed for 240 ml of the preparation?
What is the correct calculation to find the amount of peppermint powder needed for 240 ml of the preparation?
What must be ensured when using the conversion factor method?
What must be ensured when using the conversion factor method?
When using the ratio and proportion method, what is the next step after cross-multiplying?
When using the ratio and proportion method, what is the next step after cross-multiplying?
How is the conversion factor calculated?
How is the conversion factor calculated?
In the method of reducing a formula, if the official formula calls for 80 ml and the desired amount is 40 ml, what is the ratio for peppermint oil?
In the method of reducing a formula, if the official formula calls for 80 ml and the desired amount is 40 ml, what is the ratio for peppermint oil?
What is the main objective of performing calculations to reduce or enlarge formulas?
What is the main objective of performing calculations to reduce or enlarge formulas?
What must be confirmed when using the ratio and proportion method to scale a formula?
What must be confirmed when using the ratio and proportion method to scale a formula?
When using the conversion factor method, what is essentially the key step?
When using the conversion factor method, what is essentially the key step?
What is a common mistake when calculating ingredient amounts in formula enlargement?
What is a common mistake when calculating ingredient amounts in formula enlargement?
How is the amount for a specific ingredient determined when applying the ratio and proportion method?
How is the amount for a specific ingredient determined when applying the ratio and proportion method?
What precedes the calculation of each ingredient's amount when enlarging a formula?
What precedes the calculation of each ingredient's amount when enlarging a formula?
When using the conversion factor method, what does the factor represent?
When using the conversion factor method, what does the factor represent?
When calculating amounts for a preparation, how are proportions in an official formula typically listed?
When calculating amounts for a preparation, how are proportions in an official formula typically listed?
In the example given for calculating Peppermint Spirit, what was the primary operation used to solve for X?
In the example given for calculating Peppermint Spirit, what was the primary operation used to solve for X?
Flashcards
Reducing and Enlarging Formulas
Reducing and Enlarging Formulas
The process of adjusting a pharmaceutical formula to produce a desired quantity. It involves increasing or decreasing the amounts of ingredients while maintaining their proportions.
Pharmaceutical Formula
Pharmaceutical Formula
A set of instructions that specifies the exact amounts of each ingredient required to prepare a specific pharmaceutical preparation. It serves as a blueprint for consistent production.
United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF)
United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF)
A standard reference book containing approved formulas and methods for making different pharmaceutical preparations. It provides a foundational guide for pharmacists.
Ratio and Proportion Method
Ratio and Proportion Method
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Official Formula
Official Formula
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Conversion Factor Method
Conversion Factor Method
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Conversion Factor
Conversion Factor
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Using Conversion Factor in Formula
Using Conversion Factor in Formula
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Pharmaceutical Calculations
Pharmaceutical Calculations
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Concentration Considerations
Concentration Considerations
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Study Notes
Reducing and Enlarging Formulas
- Pharmaceutical preparations often use pre-existing formulas
- These formulas are often listed in USP/NF (United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary)
- Formulas specify the amount of each ingredient needed to make a particular amount of preparation
- It's necessary to reduce or enlarge formulas to meet various needs
Objectives
- Calculate to reduce or enlarge pharmaceutical formulas using metric units
- Calculate to reduce or enlarge pharmaceutical formulas using proportional parts
Introduction
- Most pharmacy preparations are based on proven formulas
- These formulas already tested and approved
- Formulas list the amount of each ingredient needed to produce a specific quantity of preparation
- Sometimes there's a need to modify formula quantities to suit specific requirements
Ratio and Proportion Method
- A method to calculate adjusted ingredient amounts
- The ratio of the desired quantity to the original quantity is equal to the ratio of the needed ingredient amount to the original ingredient amount.
- Example calculation to make 240 ml of Peppermint Spirit, given a base formula for 1000ml
- Calculation involves cross-multiplication to solve for the required amount of each ingredient.
- Peppermint oil: 24 ml
- Peppermint powder: 2.4 g
Conversion Factor Method
- An alternate method for formula adjustments
- Calculate a conversion factor (desired quantity / original quantity)
- Multiply the conversion factor by the amount of each ingredient in the original formula to determine the required amount
- Ensure that the units in the 'desired' and 'original' quantities are the same.
Example: Cocoa Syrup
- Using a conversion factor of 0.12 (120 ml / 1000 ml)
- Determine needed ingredient quantities for a 120 ml batch
- Exact ingredient amounts calculated using the formula
- Examples of ingredients calculated for a 120ml batch: 21.6 g cocoa, 72.0 g sucrose, 21.6 g liquid glucose, 6 ml glycerin, 0.24 g NaCl, 0.024 of vanillin, etc (and 120ml water)
Formulas with Proportional Parts
- Formulas using "parts" instead of specific weights or volumes
- "Parts" represent relative proportions of each ingredient
- Solid ingredients often measured in grams; liquids, in milliliters
- Example provided, calculating the adjusted amounts for a 1000g ointment batch from a formula that states:
- Coal Tar: 5 parts
- Zinc Oxide: 10 parts
- Hydrophilic Ointment: 50 parts
- Total Parts = 65, and this combination will make a total of 1000g.
- Adjusted amounts calculated resulting in: 76.92g Coal Tar, 153.85g Zinc Oxide, and 769.23g Hydrophilic Ointment.
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