Reducing and enlarging Formulas PDF

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This document provides a detailed explanation of calculating and adjusting pharmaceutical formulas to meet specific needs. It includes detailed examples using ratio and proportion, and conversion factors to adjust formulas in different quantities. Suitable for pharmacy professionals or students.

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Reducing and enlarging formulas Objectives Perform calculations to reduce or enlarge formulas for pharmaceutical preparations stated in metric quantities. Perform calculations to reduce or enlarge formulas for pharmaceutical preparations stated in proportional parts....

Reducing and enlarging formulas Objectives Perform calculations to reduce or enlarge formulas for pharmaceutical preparations stated in metric quantities. Perform calculations to reduce or enlarge formulas for pharmaceutical preparations stated in proportional parts. Introduction Most of the preparations made in a pharmacy are from proven formulas that have been tested and are listed in the United States Pharmacopeia/ National Formulary (USP/NF) as official formulas. These formulas list the amount of each ingredient needed to make a certain amount of the preparation. At time, it is necessary to reduce or enlarge a formula to satisfy the needs of pharmacy. Ratio and proportion method π΄π‘šπ‘œπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘“ π‘’π‘Žπ‘β„Ž π‘–π‘›π‘”π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘’π‘›π‘‘ π΄π‘šπ‘œπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘“ π‘’π‘Žπ‘β„Ž 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘’π‘™π‘Ž π‘–π‘›π‘”π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘’π‘›π‘‘ 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘žπ‘’π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘¦ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ = π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘žπ‘’π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘¦ π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘’π‘™π‘Ž π‘‘π‘’π‘ π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘ Example: Using the official formula below, calculate the amount of each ingredient needed to make 240 ml of Peppermint Spirit. (1) Solve first for the amount of peppermint oil needed: 100 π‘šπ‘™ π‘ƒπ‘’π‘π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘–π‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘–π‘™ 𝑋 π‘šπ‘™ π‘π‘’π‘π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘–π‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘–π‘™ = 1000 π‘šπ‘™ π‘ π‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘‘ 240 π‘šπ‘™ π‘ π‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘‘ (2) Cross multiply: (1000) X = 100 (240) 1000 X = 24000, X = 24 ml of peppermint oil (3) To solve for the amount of peppermint powder needed: 100 π‘šπ‘™ π‘ƒπ‘’π‘π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘–π‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘–π‘™ 𝑋 π‘šπ‘™ π‘π‘’π‘π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘–π‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘–π‘™ = 1000 π‘šπ‘™ π‘ π‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘‘ 240 π‘šπ‘™ π‘ π‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘‘ (4) Cross multiply: (1000)X = 10 (240) 1000 X = 2400, X = 2.4 g of Peppermint powder Conversion factor method a. Find the conversion factor: π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘žπ‘’π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘¦ π‘‘π‘’π‘ π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘ π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘žπ‘’π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘¦ π‘œπ‘“ π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘’π‘™π‘Ž = Conversion Factor NOTE: The β€œTotal Quantity Desired” and the β€œTotal Quantity of Official Formula” must have the same units so the units will cancel and yield a conversion factor without units. b. Use conversion factor in formula: Example: Use the official formula below to calculate how much of each ingredient would be needed to make 120 ml of Cocoa Syrup. (1) The first step is to find the conversion factor: 120 ml / 1,000 ml = conversion factor 0.12 = conversion factor (2) The second step is to multiply the conversion factor times the amount of each ingredient in the original formula: NOTE: The units for each answer are the same as the units in the original formula for that ingredient. Formulas that specify proportional parts The parts indicate the relative proportion of each of the ingredients in the formula by either weight or volume, but not both. A formula for solid or semisolid ingredients, therefore, may be considered in terms of grams, whereas a formula of liquids may be considered in terms of milliliters. Example: From the following formula, calculate the quantity of each ingredient required to make 1000 g of the ointment. Total number of parts (by weight) = 65 1000 g will contain 65 parts 5 (parts) / 65 (parts) = x (g) / 1000 (g) x = 76.92 g of Coal Tar, 10 (parts) / 65 (parts) = y (g) / 1000 (g) Y = 153.85 g of Zinc Oxide, 50 (parts) / 65 (parts) = z (g) / 1000 (g) z = 769.23 g of hydrophilic ointment, answers.

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