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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of intradermal injections?
What is the primary purpose of intradermal injections?
Intradermal injections involve injecting large volumes of fluid into the skin.
Intradermal injections involve injecting large volumes of fluid into the skin.
False
What type of injection is administered directly into an artery?
What type of injection is administered directly into an artery?
Intra-arterial injection
Intradermal injections are injected into the _____ between the dermis and epidermis.
Intradermal injections are injected into the _____ between the dermis and epidermis.
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Match the following injection types with their primary usage:
Match the following injection types with their primary usage:
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Which of the following is an example of an O/W type cream?
Which of the following is an example of an O/W type cream?
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Pastes are semisolid dosage forms with a low percentage of insoluble solids.
Pastes are semisolid dosage forms with a low percentage of insoluble solids.
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What type of cream is typically used as a moisturizer and includes ingredients that help retain skin moisture?
What type of cream is typically used as a moisturizer and includes ingredients that help retain skin moisture?
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Creams are emulsions that can be categorized into two types: O/W and _____ type.
Creams are emulsions that can be categorized into two types: O/W and _____ type.
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Match the following semisolid dosage forms with their descriptions:
Match the following semisolid dosage forms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT considered a form of special information?
Which of the following is NOT considered a form of special information?
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Pharmacopoeias provide standards for purity, strength, and analysis of drugs.
Pharmacopoeias provide standards for purity, strength, and analysis of drugs.
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What are the three main standards included in pharmacopoeias?
What are the three main standards included in pharmacopoeias?
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The ______ provides special standards for the purity, strength, and analysis of drugs.
The ______ provides special standards for the purity, strength, and analysis of drugs.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What does the NF include monographs on?
What does the NF include monographs on?
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The British Pharmacopoeia is authorized by the government of the United States.
The British Pharmacopoeia is authorized by the government of the United States.
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What is the main focus of monographs contained in the NF?
What is the main focus of monographs contained in the NF?
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The NF contains monographs on __________ used in pharmaceutical preparations.
The NF contains monographs on __________ used in pharmaceutical preparations.
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Match the pharmacopoeias with their descriptions:
Match the pharmacopoeias with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is classified as an adjuvant in the given prescription?
Which of the following is classified as an adjuvant in the given prescription?
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Chloral hydrate is used as a corrective in the provided prescription.
Chloral hydrate is used as a corrective in the provided prescription.
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What is the total amount of Sodium bromide in grams in the prescription?
What is the total amount of Sodium bromide in grams in the prescription?
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The base ingredient listed in the prescription is ________.
The base ingredient listed in the prescription is ________.
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Match the components of the prescription with their classifications:
Match the components of the prescription with their classifications:
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What must recent drugs derived from biotechnology be to be administered parenterally?
What must recent drugs derived from biotechnology be to be administered parenterally?
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Recent drugs derived from biotechnology can be taken orally without any concerns.
Recent drugs derived from biotechnology can be taken orally without any concerns.
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What is the primary reason many recent drugs derived from biotechnology are administered parenterally?
What is the primary reason many recent drugs derived from biotechnology are administered parenterally?
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Recent drugs must be _______ and free from physical, chemical, and biological contaminants.
Recent drugs must be _______ and free from physical, chemical, and biological contaminants.
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Match the following terms with their correct description:
Match the following terms with their correct description:
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Study Notes
Pharmacy Orientation
- Course code: PT101
- Credit hours: 1
- Lecture number: 1, 2, 3
- Department: Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology
Profession of Pharmacy
- Derived from the Greek word "pharmakon" meaning medicine or drug.
- Represents the art and science of preparing and dispensing medications.
- Involves providing drug-related information to the public.
Pharmacy Involves
- Compounding: preparing customized medications.
- Interpretation of prescription orders: understanding and correctly interpreting medical orders.
- Labeling: properly labeling medications.
- Dispensing of drugs and devices: Providing medications and related devices as per prescription.
- Patient monitoring: Observing and tracking patient's response to treatment.
Drugs
- Material possessing a pharmacological effect.
- Can be natural (plant, animal, mineral) or synthetic (like aspirin).
Drug Classification
- Prescribed drugs: dispensed only with a prescription.
- Non-prescribed drugs (OTC): available without a prescription.
Name of the drug
- Chemical name: based on chemical structure (e.g., N-paraaminophenol).
- Generic name: the name given during initial investigation.
- Official name: its name in pharmacopoeias (e.g., USAN, British Pharmacopoeia, Egyptian Pharmacopoeia).
- Brand name: the trade name (e.g., Abimol, Pyral, Cetal).
Scope of Pharmacy
- Education: includes basic and technical sciences, drug information, economic knowledge, and psychological/sociological understanding.
- Career: encompasses different practice areas like hospital, community, industrial, military, and academic pharmacy as well as regulatory control and drug promotion.
Pharmacy Education in Egypt
- 5+1 year program leading to B.Sc. Pharm D-clinical.
- Courses include pharmaceutics, clinical pharmacy, pharmacognosy, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, public health, pharmacology, and toxicology.
- Complementary studies: mathematics, management, pharmacy law.
Types of Education for a Pharmacist
- Basic sciences (chemistry, biology, physics)
- Technical skills
- Drug information and scientific knowledge
- Economic knowledge
- Psychological and sociological understanding
Aims of Modern Pharmaceutical Education
- Provide scientific background
- Provide professional skills and knowledge
- Provide business training
- Provide broad general education
Under-graduated Pharmaceutical Curriculums
- Pharmaceutics: formulation of drugs into dosage forms.
- Organic Chemistry: study of chemical structures and nomenclature.
- Analytical Chemistry: analysis of reagents, raw materials, and drug products.
- Clinical Pharmacy: health science discipline optimizing medication therapy and health promotion/disease prevention.
Pharmacognosy
- Science of plant cultivation, collection, transportation, quality control, and preservation.
- Includes photochemistry (study of active plant ingredients) and clinical effectiveness.
Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Analysis and synthesis of raw materials, analytical reagents, and final drug product.
Biochemistry
- Study of chemistry and biological importance of chemical agents in the body (diet).
Microbiology and Public Health
- Microbiology: study of microbes (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) including infections, sterilization, antimicrobials, and immunology.
- Public Health: measures for community health protection.
Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Pharmacology: study of drug properties, effects, and interactions with the human body.
- Toxicology: study of adverse effects and poisoning of drugs/chemicals
Pharmacy Profession (A-Patient services)
-
Direct Activities:
- Hospital Pharmacy
- Clinical Pharmacy
- Community Pharmacy
- Biochemical analysis
- Microbiological analysis
- Immunological analysis
-
Indirect Activities:
- Epidemic disease prevention and control measures
- Dehydration treatment, national screening
- Family planning and drug promotion
Pharmacy Profession (B-Drug services)
- Innovating new drugs
- Screening for drug effect and safety
- Analysis
- Formulation
- In-process quality control
- Production
- Final quality control
- Drug distribution
- Drug quality control—good manufacturing practice validation and quality assurance
- Production of all human dosage forms, cosmetics, vaccines, blood products, blood replacements, certain pesticides, and veterinary drugs.
Fields of Professional Practice
- Hospital Pharmacy
- Clinical Pharmacy
- Regulatory Control and Drug Management
- Pharmacy Caree
- Drug Promotion
- Military Pharmacy
- Community Pharmacy
- Academic Activities
Clinical Pharmacy Responsibilities
- Drug selection
- Preventing drug interactions and teratogenicity
- Calculating proper doses
- Intravenous admixture dispensing (cytotoxics)
Clinical Pharmacist Knowledge Areas
- Medical terminology, anatomy, physiology, histology, and pathology
- Biopharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, and clinical pharmacokinetics
- Clinical sciences and practice of diseases
- Diagnosis, clinical pharmacy practice, drug therapeutics, evaluation of clinical toxicology
- Social and behavioral sciences
Community Pharmacy Responsibilities
- Dispensing prescription medicines
- Ensuring compatibility of different treatments
- Checking and verifying drug dosage and labeling
- Counseling patients on minor diseases and medication side effects
- Delivering prescription medications to patients
- Selling over-the-counter medicines
Regulatory Control and Drug Management Responsibilities
- Government-employed pharmacists
- Central Administration of Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA)
- Administrative services
Industrial Pharmacy Responsibilities
- Research and Development (R&D)
- Manufacturing and production
- Quality control and quality assurance
- Management
Hospital Pharmacy Responsibilities
-
Private and government owned hospitals
-
Health maintenance organizations (HMOs), clinics
-
Drug information centers
-
Dispensing medications
-
Advising professionals and patients on drug use
-
Contributing to policy making committees (PMC)
Military Pharmacy Responsibilities
- Commissioned officer & non-commissioned officer roles
- Manufacturing generic products
- Distributing drugs to military hospitals
- Dispensing drugs to army personnel
Drug Promotion Responsibilities
- Pharmacist promotion career responsibilities
- Representation to pharmacists, physicians, and hospitals
- Role as a medical representative
Family Planning Responsibilities
- Informing and educating the public about family planning
- Displaying family planning posters in hospitals and drug stores
- Advising on family planning
- Explaining about oral contraceptives and family planning techniques
National Control of Diarrhea Diseases Project Responsibilities
- Giving advice about diarrhea and dehydration
- Recommending oral rehydration therapy
Other Pharmacist Careers
- Nuclear pharmacist
- Clinical toxicologist
- Veterinary pharmacist
- Academic activities/research
Pharmacy Orientation (Lecture number 3)
- Focuses on various aspects of the profession, including education, scope of practice, career paths, and important organizations involved in pharmacy development and standards.
Pharmacy Orientation (Lecture number 4)
- Centers on solid pharmaceutical dosage forms, explaining tablets and capsules, their advantages, disadvantages, preparation techniques, various types like sugar-coated, film-coated, and controlled-release tablets, and discussing issues related to their production methods.
Pharmacy Orientation (Lecture number 5)
- Covers different types of liquid dosage forms: solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. It explores the properties of these types—both liquid and gaseous substances dispersed—describing how they are used in prescriptions, outlining their advantages and disadvantages.
Pharmacy Orientation (Lecture number 6)
- Details the parenteral route—injections—explaining different types (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intra-arterial, intraarticular, intraspinal) and their characteristics. This includes how drugs are prepared.
Pharmacy Orientation (Lecture number 7)
- Introduces solid dosage forms, including tablets and capsules. Covers different tablet types (e.g., sugar-coated, film-coated, enteric-coated, multiple compressed), their advantages and disadvantages, and methods of preparation (moulding, compressing). Discusses different types of capsules (hard and soft gelatin), their composition, and advantages.
Pharmacy Orientation (Lecture number 8)
- Covers semisolid dosage forms like ointments, creams, and pastes, as well as molded solid dosage forms such as suppositories and pessaries, alongside sterile dosage forms (parenteral preparations). Discusses ophthalmic preparations.
Pharmacy Orientation (Lecture number 9, 10, 11)
- Contains information on prescription types, including simple, compound, and narcotic prescriptions, procedures on writing these types and details regarding their handling, calculation of doses for children and infants (using age, weight, or body surface area), route of administration, and pharmaceutical dosage form considerations.
Pharmacy Orientation (Lecture number 12)
- Focuses on calculations for compounding prescriptions, highlighting various methods of preparation, proper container selection, procedures for creating labels (including auxiliary information such as shake before use, external use only, oral use only), and information related to veterinary doses.
Pharmacy Orientation (Lecture number 13)
- This lecture focuses on the historical aspects of pharmacy, ranging from ancient Egyptian practices to modern developments. It includes information about the history of drugs and pharmaceutical preparations, including those of ancient civilizations.
The Prescription
- An order for medicine written by a licensed healthcare professional (physician, dentist, veterinarian).
- Parts of a prescription:
- Name, date, inscription, superscription, subscription, signature, transcription.
- Types of prescriptions: simple, compound, narcotic
- Prescription handling: receiving, checking safety, compounding
- Methods for calculating doses for infants and children (age, weight, BSA related rules)
- Route of administration considerations in dosage calculations
- Role of pharmaceutical dosage form in prescription formulation and patient safety
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Description
Test your knowledge on various pharmaceutical dosage forms, specifically focusing on injections, creams, and semisolids. This quiz covers the primary purposes and compositions of intradermal injections, types of creams, and related standards in pharmacopoeias. Challenge yourself to match the types of injections and their uses in practical applications.
