Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Quiz

Drug Classification

• Drugs are categorized based on physical state, route of administration, site of application, and uses.

Physical Form

• Solid: USDF (unit solid dosage forms) like tablets, capsules, pills. Bulk solids, dusting powder, insufflations, dentifrices, snuff
• Semi-Solid: Ointments, creams, gels, pastes
• Liquid: MLDF (multi liquid dosage forms) like syrups, elixirs, linctus, drops, emulsions, suspensions
• Gaseous: Inhalers, aerosols

Site of Application

• Skin: Ointments, creams, lotions, liniments
• Eye: Solutions; ointments; creams
• Tooth: Tooth powder, tooth paste
• Hand: Hand cream, hand wash
• Foot: Creams, dusting powder
• Hair: Creams, lotions, shampoo, hair fixing
• Nasal: Solutions; sprays; inhalations

Route of Administration

• Oral: Powders, tablets, capsules, suspensions, solutions, emulsions, elixirs, syrups, magmas, sachets, gels, pills
• Parenteral: Solutions, suspensions, emulsions
• Transdermal: Ointments, powders, creams, lotions, pastes, plasters
• Vaginal: Suppositories, tablets, ointments, creams, lotions, pastes, douches
• Rectal: Suppositories, enemas, ointments
• Intra ocular: Solutions, suspensions, ointments
• Conjunctival: Ointments
• Intra nasal: Solutions, sprays, inhalations
• Sublingual: Tablets, lozenges
• Respiratory: Aerosols
• Urethral: Suppositories

Classification of Dosage Form

• Dosage forms are classified based on physical state, route of administration, site of application, and uses.

Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

• Drugs are not typically delivered as pure chemical entities but as prepared formulations.
• They are prepared into various dosage forms after conversion to suitable formulations
• Pharmaceutical ingredients (excipients) are added to modify drug forms for better effect/delivery.

Drug (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients)

• Chemical compounds used for diagnosis, prevention, treatment, or disease management.

Inactive Pharmaceutical Ingredients

• Excipients; do not affect the therapeutic action of the active components.
• Examples: dyes, preservatives, sweeteners, binding materials, coloring agents, flavoring agents

Liquid Dosage Form

• Elixirs: Liquid formulations for oral administration, containing excipients and medicaments
• Emulsions: Water-based suspension of oils and fats using an emulsifying agent.
• Suspensions: One or more active components dispersed in a suitable medium for oral administration.
• Gargles: Externally applied aqueous solutions for treating throat infections.

Other Liquid Dosage Forms

• Lotions: External liquid preparations applied without friction.
• Liniments: External liquid preparations applied with friction to the skin.
• Mixtures: One or more medications in liquid oral preparations.
• Mouthwashes: Used for oral cleanliness and treating oral infections.
• Nasal drops: Dropper-instilled liquid solutions for treating nose infections and blockages.
• Solutions: Liquid medicines for internal or external application.
• Syrups: Liquid medicines (sweet, viscous) with or without sugar and medicaments.

Solid Dosage Forms

• Powders: Finely fragmented particles for solid dosage forms
• Tablets: Medication in solid dose form (with or without excipients).
• Granules: Particles grouped together in solid dosage form
• Capsules: Gelatin capsules encapsulate drugs.
• Pills: Small tablet containing excipients
• Lozenges: Sugar/gum-based solid formulations for the mouth and throat.
• Suppositories: Solid dosage forms for bodily cavities like rectum, nose or ear.

Semisolid Dosage Forms

• Ointments: Ointment-based semisolid dose forms for external application (with or without medication).
• Cremes: Semisolid external dose forms (with or without medicaments), using an appropriate fatty basis.
• Pastes: Semisolid external dosage forms with a significant proportion of finely powdered medicaments, using an appropriate fatty basis.
• Gels: Transparent semisolid forms, using hydrophilic or hydrophobic base and gelling agents.

Gaseous Dosage Forms

• Aerosols: Dispersion of solid or liquid particles in gas for respiratory tract application.
• Inhalations: Pharmaceutical liquid preparations for internal consumption (dispersed or suspended in propellant).
• Sprays: Application of alcohol-containing medication aerosols to nose or throat.

Factors Affecting Drug Selection

• Patient age and condition
• Administration route
• Drug substance properties
• Stability of the drug product

Factors Influencing Drug Action

• Age
• Body weight
• Metabolic rate
• Illness
• Psychological aspects (placebo effect)
• Tolerance/Dependence
• Cumulative effect

Drug Action

• Drugs have a desired effect but can also cause undesirable side effects.

Adverse Reactions (Side Effects)

• Allergic reactions: Hives, itching, edema
• Anaphylactic reactions: Respiratory distress, cardiovascular collapse

Drug Interactions

• Drugs can interact with other drugs, foods, or juices.

Six Rights of Medication Administration

• Right drug
• Right time
• Right dose
• Right patient
• Right route
• Right documentation