Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a solid dosage form?
Which of the following is NOT a solid dosage form?
Which dosage form is specifically designed for internal consumption and is dispersed or suspended in a propellant?
Which dosage form is specifically designed for internal consumption and is dispersed or suspended in a propellant?
Which of the following dosage forms is NOT commonly used for treating infections?
Which of the following dosage forms is NOT commonly used for treating infections?
What is a key characteristic of a paste dosage form?
What is a key characteristic of a paste dosage form?
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Which of the following dosage forms is commonly used for treating mouth and throat disorders?
Which of the following dosage forms is commonly used for treating mouth and throat disorders?
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Which of the following dosage forms utilizes an atomizer?
Which of the following dosage forms utilizes an atomizer?
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Which of the following dosage forms is NOT a semisolid dosage form?
Which of the following dosage forms is NOT a semisolid dosage form?
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Which of these dosage forms is a solid formulation used to deliver medication into bodily cavities other than the mouth?
Which of these dosage forms is a solid formulation used to deliver medication into bodily cavities other than the mouth?
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of liquid dosage forms?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of liquid dosage forms?
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Which dosage form allows for prolonged drug action?
Which dosage form allows for prolonged drug action?
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Which dosage form is most likely to avoid first-pass metabolism?
Which dosage form is most likely to avoid first-pass metabolism?
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Which of the following factors is NOT considered when selecting a suitable dosage form?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered when selecting a suitable dosage form?
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What is the main advantage of topical dosage forms?
What is the main advantage of topical dosage forms?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of drug administration?
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of drug administration?
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What is the primary benefit of the "Right Route" principle in medication administration?
What is the primary benefit of the "Right Route" principle in medication administration?
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What is the primary purpose of excipients in pharmaceutical formulations?
What is the primary purpose of excipients in pharmaceutical formulations?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of an inactive pharmaceutical ingredient (excipient)?
Which of the following is NOT an example of an inactive pharmaceutical ingredient (excipient)?
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What is the key characteristic that distinguishes emulsions from suspensions?
What is the key characteristic that distinguishes emulsions from suspensions?
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Which dosage form is best suited for treating throat infections?
Which dosage form is best suited for treating throat infections?
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Which of the following would be considered a biphasic liquid formulation?
Which of the following would be considered a biphasic liquid formulation?
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Why are emulsifying agents used in emulsions?
Why are emulsifying agents used in emulsions?
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Which of the following dosage forms is typically administered without friction?
Which of the following dosage forms is typically administered without friction?
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What is the main purpose of adding preservatives to pharmaceutical formulations?
What is the main purpose of adding preservatives to pharmaceutical formulations?
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Study Notes
Drug Classification
- Drugs are categorized based on physical state, route of administration, site of application, and uses.
Physical Form
- Solid: USDF (unit solid dosage forms) like tablets, capsules, pills. Bulk solids, dusting powder, insufflations, dentifrices, snuff
- Semi-Solid: Ointments, creams, gels, pastes
- Liquid: MLDF (multi liquid dosage forms) like syrups, elixirs, linctus, drops, emulsions, suspensions
- Gaseous: Inhalers, aerosols
Site of Application
- Skin: Ointments, creams, lotions, liniments
- Eye: Solutions; ointments; creams
- Tooth: Tooth powder, tooth paste
- Hand: Hand cream, hand wash
- Foot: Creams, dusting powder
- Hair: Creams, lotions, shampoo, hair fixing
- Nasal: Solutions; sprays; inhalations
Route of Administration
- Oral: Powders, tablets, capsules, suspensions, solutions, emulsions, elixirs, syrups, magmas, sachets, gels, pills
- Parenteral: Solutions, suspensions, emulsions
- Transdermal: Ointments, powders, creams, lotions, pastes, plasters
- Vaginal: Suppositories, tablets, ointments, creams, lotions, pastes, douches
- Rectal: Suppositories, enemas, ointments
- Intra ocular: Solutions, suspensions, ointments
- Conjunctival: Ointments
- Intra nasal: Solutions, sprays, inhalations
- Sublingual: Tablets, lozenges
- Respiratory: Aerosols
- Urethral: Suppositories
Classification of Dosage Form
- Dosage forms are classified based on physical state, route of administration, site of application, and uses.
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
- Drugs are not typically delivered as pure chemical entities but as prepared formulations.
- They are prepared into various dosage forms after conversion to suitable formulations
- Pharmaceutical ingredients (excipients) are added to modify drug forms for better effect/delivery.
Drug (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients)
- Chemical compounds used for diagnosis, prevention, treatment, or disease management.
Inactive Pharmaceutical Ingredients
- Excipients; do not affect the therapeutic action of the active components.
- Examples: dyes, preservatives, sweeteners, binding materials, coloring agents, flavoring agents
Liquid Dosage Form
- Elixirs: Liquid formulations for oral administration, containing excipients and medicaments
- Emulsions: Water-based suspension of oils and fats using an emulsifying agent.
- Suspensions: One or more active components dispersed in a suitable medium for oral administration.
- Gargles: Externally applied aqueous solutions for treating throat infections.
Other Liquid Dosage Forms
- Lotions: External liquid preparations applied without friction.
- Liniments: External liquid preparations applied with friction to the skin.
- Mixtures: One or more medications in liquid oral preparations.
- Mouthwashes: Used for oral cleanliness and treating oral infections.
- Nasal drops: Dropper-instilled liquid solutions for treating nose infections and blockages.
- Solutions: Liquid medicines for internal or external application.
- Syrups: Liquid medicines (sweet, viscous) with or without sugar and medicaments.
Solid Dosage Forms
- Powders: Finely fragmented particles for solid dosage forms
- Tablets: Medication in solid dose form (with or without excipients).
- Granules: Particles grouped together in solid dosage form
- Capsules: Gelatin capsules encapsulate drugs.
- Pills: Small tablet containing excipients
- Lozenges: Sugar/gum-based solid formulations for the mouth and throat.
- Suppositories: Solid dosage forms for bodily cavities like rectum, nose or ear.
Semisolid Dosage Forms
- Ointments: Ointment-based semisolid dose forms for external application (with or without medication).
- Cremes: Semisolid external dose forms (with or without medicaments), using an appropriate fatty basis.
- Pastes: Semisolid external dosage forms with a significant proportion of finely powdered medicaments, using an appropriate fatty basis.
- Gels: Transparent semisolid forms, using hydrophilic or hydrophobic base and gelling agents.
Gaseous Dosage Forms
- Aerosols: Dispersion of solid or liquid particles in gas for respiratory tract application.
- Inhalations: Pharmaceutical liquid preparations for internal consumption (dispersed or suspended in propellant).
- Sprays: Application of alcohol-containing medication aerosols to nose or throat.
Factors Affecting Drug Selection
- Patient age and condition
- Administration route
- Drug substance properties
- Stability of the drug product
Factors Influencing Drug Action
- Age
- Body weight
- Metabolic rate
- Illness
- Psychological aspects (placebo effect)
- Tolerance/Dependence
- Cumulative effect
Drug Action
- Drugs have a desired effect but can also cause undesirable side effects.
Adverse Reactions (Side Effects)
- Allergic reactions: Hives, itching, edema
- Anaphylactic reactions: Respiratory distress, cardiovascular collapse
Drug Interactions
- Drugs can interact with other drugs, foods, or juices.
Six Rights of Medication Administration
- Right drug
- Right time
- Right dose
- Right patient
- Right route
- Right documentation
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Description
Test your knowledge on various pharmaceutical dosage forms with this quiz. From solid to liquid and semisolid forms, you'll explore their characteristics, uses, and advantages. Perfect for pharmacy students and professionals alike!
