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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of applying a poultice topically?
What is the main difference between a pessary and a suppository?
What is the purpose of nebulization in inhalation dosage forms?
What is the advantage of using topical preparations?
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What is the purpose of using transdermal patches?
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What is the main advantage of using inhalation dosage forms?
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What is the primary characteristic of a cream?
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Which type of preparation is used for rectal administration?
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What is the purpose of a collodion?
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What is the primary difference between an ointment and a paste?
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What is a transdermal patch?
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What is the characteristic of a suppository?
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What is a major factor that determines the ionization state of a drug?
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What is the primary goal of the pharmaceutical process in preparing drug formulations?
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What is a characteristic of sustained-release formulations used in veterinary medicine?
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What determines the rate at which drug formulations dissolve?
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What is a factor that influences the bioavailability of a drug?
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What is a characteristic of a drug formulation that determines its absorption rate across the gastric mucosa?
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Study Notes
Dosage Forms
- A poultice is a sticky, moist preparation applied externally to provide heat or counter-irritation.
- A pessary is a solid dosage form deposited in the uterus or vagina, dissolving in fluids present.
Inhalation Dosage Forms
- An aerosol is a drug dosage form administered by inhalation, using a propellant.
- Nebulization is the administration of drugs dispersed as very small droplets of fluid, broken up into micro-particles by ultrasound.
- Vaporisation is the administration of a drug in a vapour form, using heat, e.g. steam.
Routes of Administration of Drugs
- Oral administration includes sub-lingual administration.
- Parenteral administration includes intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), intraperitoneal, intraosseous, and intrathecal routes.
- Topical administration includes ointments, creams, lotions, and transdermal patches.
Topical Preparations
- Ointments are semi-solid, viscous preparations applied to the skin or mucous membranes.
- Enemas are fluid preparations for rectal administration.
- Lotions are watery preparations for external application without friction.
- Creams are semi-solid emulsions that spread easily when applied to the skin.
- Suppositories are solid drug forms for insertion into a body cavity, made of a base that melts at body heat.
- Liniments are solutions of an irritant substance in alcohol, a fixed oil, or a soap, applied to the skin by inunction or rubbing.
- Collodions are solutions of pyroxylin and colophony in alcohol and ether, forming a solid protective film when applied to the skin.
- Transdermal patches are gels with or without a cover, placed on the skin.
Factors Affecting Bioavailability
- Size: Large drug molecules will not pass through membranes.
- pKa: The pKa of the drug determines if it is ionised or unionised.
Pharmaceutical Process
- The manufacturing process can affect physical and chemical characteristics of drug formulations, influencing bioavailability.
- Inert ingredients like carriers, binding agents, and coatings are used to prepare different dosage forms.
- These ingredients affect the rate of dissolution of formulations.
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Description
This quiz covers different types of pharmaceutical dosage forms, including poultices, pessaries, and inhalation methods such as aerosols and nebulization. Understand the characteristics and uses of each dosage form.