Pharmaceutical Chemistry: Mechanism of Action of Thiopental Sodium
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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of Thiopental sodium?

  • It enhances the effect of dopamine in the thalamus.
  • It increases the opening duration of chloride ionophore. (correct)
  • It inhibits the release of acetylcholine.
  • It blocks the GABAA receptor.
  • In which types of procedures is Thiopental Sodium used as a sole anaesthetic agent?

  • Short procedures lasting around 15 minutes (correct)
  • Surgeries requiring muscle relaxation
  • Procedures lasting more than 30 minutes
  • Long surgeries lasting over 2 hours
  • What is one of the uses of Thiopental Sodium in neurosurgical patients?

  • For increasing intracranial pressure
  • For inducing analgesia
  • For providing muscle relaxation
  • For controlling convulsive states during anaesthesia (correct)
  • At what temperature should Thiopental be stored?

    <p>22°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Ketamine Hydrochloride?

    <p>As an NMDA receptor antagonist with anaesthetic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a popular brand name for Thiopental Sodium?

    <p>Anesthal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed Ketamine as a replacement for phencyclidine?

    <p>Calvin Stevens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one use of Ketamine Hydrochloride?

    <p>Anaesthesia induction in patients with severe cardiac issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor does Ketamine target?

    <p>NMDA receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thiopental Sodium

    • Chemical name: Sodium 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thiobarbiturate
    • Mechanism of action: binds to a distinct binding site at the GABAA receptor, increasing the opening duration of Cl ionophore, and prolonging the post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus

    Uses of Thiopental Sodium

    • Used as a sole anaesthetic agent for short procedures (15 minutes)
    • Used for inducing anaesthesia prior to administering other anaesthetic agents
    • Used for supplementing regional anaesthesia
    • Used for providing hypnosis during balanced anaesthesia with other agents for analgesia or muscle relaxation
    • Used for controlling convulsive states during or after inhalation anaesthesia or local anaesthesia
    • Used in neurosurgical patients having increased intracranial pressure
    • Used for narcoanalysis and narcosynthesis in psychiatric disorders

    Stability and Storage Conditions

    • Stored at 22°C
    • Remains stable and sterile for 6 days and well beyond 7 days at 3°C

    Formulations and Brand Names

    • Formulations: Injection, Powder, Solution
    • Popular brand names: Pentothal, Anesthal, Thiojex, Pentone, Thiosol

    Ketamine Hydrochloride

    • NMDA receptor antagonist with a potent anaesthetic effect
    • Developed as a replacement for phencyclidine by Calvin Stevens

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    Description

    Explore the mechanism of action of Thiopental Sodium in Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Learn how Thiopental sodium increases the opening duration of Cl ionophore by binding at a distinct site related to the GABAA receptor, and its uses in anesthesia.

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