Pharmaceutical Calculations: Altering Product Strength
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used for a substance added to a pharmaceutical product to reduce its strength?

  • Diluent (correct)
  • Concentrate
  • Stock solution
  • Active ingredient
  • What does a stock solution typically represent?

  • A weaker solution made from a strong one
  • A solution of unknown concentration
  • A solution with no active ingredients
  • A concentrated solution for dispensing (correct)
  • If 500 mL of a 15% v/v methyl salicylate solution is diluted to 1500 mL, what happens to the percentage strength?

  • Decreases to 10% v/v
  • Remains the same at 15% v/v
  • Increases to 45% v/v
  • Decreases to 5% v/v (correct)
  • How can the strength of a pharmaceutical preparation be increased?

    <p>By mixing with a like preparation of greater strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of a diluent commonly used in pharmaceuticals?

    <p>Petrolatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect should be calculated first when preparing a diluted product from a concentrated solution?

    <p>Quantity of active constituent needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ratio strength w/v would result from diluting 50 mL of a 1:20 w/v solution of aluminum acetate to 1000 mL?

    <p>1:100 w/v</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much 10% w/w ammonia solution can be made from 1800 g of a 28% w/w strong ammonia solution?

    <p>Approximately 643 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an alligation medial calculation provide?

    <p>The weighted average of the mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be considered when calculating the percentage strength of a mixture containing additional solvent?

    <p>The volume of the solvent is considered zero strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you need to find the volume of 95% alcohol required to prepare 600 mL of a 70% alcohol solution, what is the correct calculation formula?

    <p>Volume = $600 \times (70/95)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an alligation alternate calculation help determine?

    <p>The number of parts of two components mixed for a desired strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When mixing solutions of different percentages, what is the purpose of crosswise subtraction in alligation?

    <p>To calculate quantities needed based on available strengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a mixture of 3000 mL of 40%, 1000 mL of 60%, and 1000 mL of 70% alcohol, which is true about the final percentage strength?

    <p>It must be calculated using total volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the preparation of a solution that combines different alcohol strengths?

    <p>Proportion of strengths determines the necessary amounts for mixing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Altering Product Strength

    • Altering product strength involves changing the proportion of active ingredients in a pharmaceutical preparation
    • This can be done through dilution, concentration, or fortification
    • Stock solutions are known concentrations used to prepare weaker solutions conveniently.

    Objectives

    • Calculate dilutions, concentrations, and/or fortification
    • Calculate the preparation and use of stock solutions
    • Use alligation methods for problem solving

    Product Strength Changes

    • Preparations can be strengthened by adding active ingredient, combining with a stronger preparation, or evaporating the liquid vehicle
    • Strengths can be decreased by adding diluents or combining with a weaker preparation

    Calculations (Dilution/Concentration)

    • Use inverse proportion: C1Q1 = C2Q2
    • (quantity 1) x (concentration 1) = (quantity 2) x (concentration 2)

    Diluents

    • Substances added to pharmaceutical products to reduce strength
    • Common diluents are sterile water and petrolatum

    Stock Solutions

    • Solutions of known concentrations prepared for dispensing
    • Often a strong solution used to create weaker solutions more easily

    Alligation

    • A method for mixing solutions or mixtures of solids with varying percentage strengths
    • Alligation Medial: Calculate the mixture of ingredients with different percentages, using the weighted average
    • Alligation Alternate: Determine the parts of two or more components to create a mixture of the desired strength. Use crosswise subtraction to determine the relative amounts.

    Examples (Illustrative Calculations)

    • Various examples are provided demonstrating calculations for dilution/concentration and alligation, including specific calculations for different substances like methyl salicylate, aluminum acetate, ammonia, certified red dye, silver nitrate, alcohol.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential concepts of altering product strength in pharmaceuticals, focusing on calculations for dilutions, concentrations, and the preparation of stock solutions. You'll learn how to apply alligation methods to solve problems related to active ingredient adjustments. Test your understanding of these key principles that are critical in pharmaceutical preparations.

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