Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term used for a substance added to a pharmaceutical product to reduce its strength?
What is the term used for a substance added to a pharmaceutical product to reduce its strength?
- Diluent (correct)
- Concentrate
- Stock solution
- Active ingredient
What does a stock solution typically represent?
What does a stock solution typically represent?
- A weaker solution made from a strong one
- A solution of unknown concentration
- A solution with no active ingredients
- A concentrated solution for dispensing (correct)
If 500 mL of a 15% v/v methyl salicylate solution is diluted to 1500 mL, what happens to the percentage strength?
If 500 mL of a 15% v/v methyl salicylate solution is diluted to 1500 mL, what happens to the percentage strength?
- Decreases to 10% v/v
- Remains the same at 15% v/v
- Increases to 45% v/v
- Decreases to 5% v/v (correct)
How can the strength of a pharmaceutical preparation be increased?
How can the strength of a pharmaceutical preparation be increased?
What is one example of a diluent commonly used in pharmaceuticals?
What is one example of a diluent commonly used in pharmaceuticals?
What aspect should be calculated first when preparing a diluted product from a concentrated solution?
What aspect should be calculated first when preparing a diluted product from a concentrated solution?
What ratio strength w/v would result from diluting 50 mL of a 1:20 w/v solution of aluminum acetate to 1000 mL?
What ratio strength w/v would result from diluting 50 mL of a 1:20 w/v solution of aluminum acetate to 1000 mL?
How much 10% w/w ammonia solution can be made from 1800 g of a 28% w/w strong ammonia solution?
How much 10% w/w ammonia solution can be made from 1800 g of a 28% w/w strong ammonia solution?
What does an alligation medial calculation provide?
What does an alligation medial calculation provide?
What must be considered when calculating the percentage strength of a mixture containing additional solvent?
What must be considered when calculating the percentage strength of a mixture containing additional solvent?
If you need to find the volume of 95% alcohol required to prepare 600 mL of a 70% alcohol solution, what is the correct calculation formula?
If you need to find the volume of 95% alcohol required to prepare 600 mL of a 70% alcohol solution, what is the correct calculation formula?
What does an alligation alternate calculation help determine?
What does an alligation alternate calculation help determine?
When mixing solutions of different percentages, what is the purpose of crosswise subtraction in alligation?
When mixing solutions of different percentages, what is the purpose of crosswise subtraction in alligation?
In a mixture of 3000 mL of 40%, 1000 mL of 60%, and 1000 mL of 70% alcohol, which is true about the final percentage strength?
In a mixture of 3000 mL of 40%, 1000 mL of 60%, and 1000 mL of 70% alcohol, which is true about the final percentage strength?
Which statement is true about the preparation of a solution that combines different alcohol strengths?
Which statement is true about the preparation of a solution that combines different alcohol strengths?
Flashcards
Diluent
Diluent
A substance added to a pharmaceutical product to reduce its strength or dilute it. Typically, diluents do not contain any drug substance. Sterile water or petrolatum are examples.
Stock Solution
Stock Solution
A solution of a known concentration prepared for dispensing convenience. Stock solutions are typically strong solutions used to make weaker solutions.
Dilution
Dilution
The process of adding diluent to a preparation to reduce its strength.
Concentration
Concentration
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Inverse Proportion
Inverse Proportion
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Alligation Medial
Alligation Medial
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Alligation Alternate
Alligation Alternate
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Alligation
Alligation
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Percentage Strength (v/v)
Percentage Strength (v/v)
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Solvent or Vehicle
Solvent or Vehicle
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Parts of Weaker Component
Parts of Weaker Component
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Parts of Stronger Component
Parts of Stronger Component
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Calculating Volume of Stronger Component
Calculating Volume of Stronger Component
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Study Notes
Altering Product Strength
- Altering product strength involves changing the proportion of active ingredients in a pharmaceutical preparation
- This can be done through dilution, concentration, or fortification
- Stock solutions are known concentrations used to prepare weaker solutions conveniently.
Objectives
- Calculate dilutions, concentrations, and/or fortification
- Calculate the preparation and use of stock solutions
- Use alligation methods for problem solving
Product Strength Changes
- Preparations can be strengthened by adding active ingredient, combining with a stronger preparation, or evaporating the liquid vehicle
- Strengths can be decreased by adding diluents or combining with a weaker preparation
Calculations (Dilution/Concentration)
- Use inverse proportion: C1Q1 = C2Q2
- (quantity 1) x (concentration 1) = (quantity 2) x (concentration 2)
Diluents
- Substances added to pharmaceutical products to reduce strength
- Common diluents are sterile water and petrolatum
Stock Solutions
- Solutions of known concentrations prepared for dispensing
- Often a strong solution used to create weaker solutions more easily
Alligation
- A method for mixing solutions or mixtures of solids with varying percentage strengths
- Alligation Medial: Calculate the mixture of ingredients with different percentages, using the weighted average
- Alligation Alternate: Determine the parts of two or more components to create a mixture of the desired strength. Use crosswise subtraction to determine the relative amounts.
Examples (Illustrative Calculations)
- Various examples are provided demonstrating calculations for dilution/concentration and alligation, including specific calculations for different substances like methyl salicylate, aluminum acetate, ammonia, certified red dye, silver nitrate, alcohol.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential concepts of altering product strength in pharmaceuticals, focusing on calculations for dilutions, concentrations, and the preparation of stock solutions. You'll learn how to apply alligation methods to solve problems related to active ingredient adjustments. Test your understanding of these key principles that are critical in pharmaceutical preparations.
