26 Questions
What is the main function of lipoproteins in the cell?
Act as precursors for steroid hormones
How do polyunsaturated fatty acids affect blood cholesterol levels?
Lower blood cholesterol
Which vitamin dissolution is assisted by lipids due to their fat-soluble nature?
Vitamin D
How does the water solubility of lipids change with increasing carbon chain length?
Solubility decreases
What happens to the melting point of fatty acids as unsaturation increases?
Melting point decreases
How can fatty acids be classified based on carbon chain length?
Medium-chain fatty acids (C12 and C14)
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
Separating the cell's interior from the external environment
Which molecules are likely to undergo passive diffusion across biological membranes?
Unionized, nonpolar, and lipophilic molecules
What characterizes the lipid bilayer structure in cell membranes?
Two-layered with nonpolar tails in the middle
Which process involves the drug binding with an intrinsic factor carrier?
Facilitated diffusion
What type of kinetics is associated with passive diffusion of drugs across membranes?
First order kinetics
Which molecules are examples of those likely to cross membranes via passive diffusion?
$O_2$ and $CO_2$
What is the main function of androgens in promoting muscle growth?
Building up muscle strength and enhancing endurance
Which of the following is a possible effect of high androgen levels in women?
Infertility
What is a common side effect that may occur with anabolic steroid use?
Increased risk of bacterial infections
Which hormone is a precursor in the synthesis of estrogen?
Androstenedione
What is a possible effect of high androgen levels related to PCOS in women?
Infertility
Which is a potential virilizing effect of high androgen levels?
Excess facial or body hair and deeper voice in women
Which process expends energy for the transportation of molecules?
Active transport
Which type of process involves engulfing drug particles by the cell?
Facilitated diffusion
Which type of drugs are usually transported through carrier-mediated active transport?
Drugs with structures similar to food
Which type of ions can be transported through carrier-mediated active transport?
Sodium, potassium, and chloride ions
What is a characteristic of endocytosis?
Involves engulfing drug particles by the cell
What is a feature of saturable processes in drug transport?
They exhibit zero order kinetics
What is the main function of bile acids in the digestive tract?
Emulsify fats
How are bile acids synthesized?
By contracting the liver due to parasympathetic stimulation of the vagus nerves
Test your knowledge on key concepts related to lipids in pharmaceutical biochemistry, including examples of molecules that cross the rate limiting step, active transport mechanisms, and carrier-mediated permeability.
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