Pharmaceutical Chemistry-IIA Biochemistry Quiz

Jaundice is caused by excess bilirubin in the bloodstream, which dissolves in subcutaneous fat, leading to a yellowish appearance of the skin and the whites of the eyes.

Acidosis occurs when the physiological pH falls below 7.35, while alkalosis occurs when it exceeds 7.45.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited disorder that leads to elevated levels of phenylalanine in the blood, which can cause brain damage if untreated.

<p>Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required, thus increasing the reaction rate and specificity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anabolic processes involve building up molecules and storing energy, while catabolic processes involve breaking down molecules to release energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomal storage diseases are genetic disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies that lead to the accumulation of toxic substances in cells, damaging body tissues and organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atherosclerosis is the thickening or hardening of arteries caused by the buildup of plaque, which consists of fats and cholesterol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dental fluorosis is a condition resulting from excessive fluoride intake during the development of teeth, leading to discoloration and damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose loses electrons during oxidation, resulting in its conversion to carbon dioxide and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NAD+ acts as an oxidizing agent by gaining electrons and becoming reduced to NADH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><code>C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Redox reactions are vital for processes like photosynthesis and respiration, facilitating energy transfer and transformation in living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen is the oxidizing agent, gaining electrons during the reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis is essential as it breaks down glucose to produce ATP, which is necessary for energy in cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anabolic reactions build larger molecules from smaller ones and require energy, while catabolic reactions break down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP serves as the universal energy carrier, providing energy for processes like muscle contraction and chemical synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis produces 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP), and 2 NADH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that uses water to break down polymers into simpler monomers, such as peptides into amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exothermic reactions release energy, making them vital for metabolic processes that utilize energy to fuel cellular activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The respiratory route is an amphibolic pathway that links the synthesis of biomolecules (anabolic) and the breakdown of substrates for energy (catabolic).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of a synthesis reaction is the formation of protein molecules from amino acids, which is significant for building cellular structures and functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary focus of pharmaceutical biochemistry is to study how molecules in the body interact with drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis is a common metabolic pathway found in almost all organisms, highlighting the universality of biochemical processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four main classes of biomolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up biochemical reactions, facilitating various metabolic processes within living cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macromolecules refer to large, complex molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that make up the structure of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biochemical pathways are critical for the regulation and integration of chemical processes that sustain life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmaceutical biochemistry contributes by applying biochemical methods for diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary components of a cell include molecules made up of atoms, particularly macromolecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Therapeutic drug monitoring ensures that patients receive the correct dosage of medications, especially those with a narrow therapeutic index, to avoid toxicity or ineffectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biomarkers are substances that indicate the presence of a disease and are typically measured in bodily fluids like blood or urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial for diagnosing and managing diabetes effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These enzymes are biomarkers used to indicate tissue damage or disease within the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates provide energy, while lipids serve as energy storage and are vital for membrane structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamins play critical roles in various biochemical processes, including metabolism, immune function, and cell repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecular genetics studies how genes are inherited and express traits in organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzyme activity is essential for facilitating biochemical reactions that support metabolism, digestion, and other physiological functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers