Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry-1 Quiz

Course Information

• Course Name: Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry-1
• Course Code: PMC 111
• Credit Hours: 3 (2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours)
• Instructor: Dr. Ahmed Sayed Saad
• Email: [email protected]
• Textbook: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach by Nivaldo J. Tro, published by Pearson, ISBN-10: 0-13-487437-4 / ISBN-13: 978-0-13-487437-1
• Grading Scheme:
  • Midterm Exam: 15%
  • Practical Exam: 20%
  • Lab Work: 5%
  • Written Exam: 50% (Objective & Subjective Questions)
  • Oral Exam: 10%

Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions

• Atomic Structure:
  • IBM researchers used a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to move carbon monoxide molecules, magnifying atoms 100 million times.
• Molecules and Compounds:
  • When two or more elements combine to form a compound, a new unique substance is created. Example: Water (H2O) vs Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
  • Adding an extra oxygen atom to water creates Hydrogen Peroxide, a highly reactive and toxic gas.
• Mixtures vs. Compounds:
  • Mixtures are combinations of substances that retain their individual properties, while compounds have new properties.
• Chemical Bonds:
  • Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals, involving electron transfer.
  • Covalent bonds form between two or more nonmetals, involving electron sharing.
• Chemical Formulas:
  • Chemical formulas represent the composition of a compound using element symbols and subscripts indicating the number of atoms.
  • The more metallic element is written first, followed by the less metallic.
  • Molecular Formula: shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule.
  • Empirical Formula: shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
  • Structural Formula: uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule.