Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry-1 Quiz

Study Notes

Course Name: Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry-1
Course Code: PMC 111
Credit Hours: 3 (2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory hours)
Instructor: Dr. Ahmed Sayed Saad
Email: [email protected]
Textbook: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach by Nivaldo J. Tro, published by Pearson, ISBN-10: 0-13-487437-4 / ISBN-13: 978-0-13-487437-1
Grading Scheme:
- Midterm Exam: 15%
- Practical Exam: 20%
- Lab Work: 5%
- Written Exam: 50% (Objective & Subjective Questions)
- Oral Exam: 10%

Atomic Structure:
- IBM researchers used a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to move carbon monoxide molecules, magnifying atoms 100 million times.
Molecules and Compounds:
- When two or more elements combine to form a compound, a new unique substance is created. Example: Water (H2O) vs Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
- Adding an extra oxygen atom to water creates Hydrogen Peroxide, a highly reactive and toxic gas.
Mixtures vs. Compounds:
- Mixtures are combinations of substances that retain their individual properties, while compounds have new properties.
Chemical Bonds:
- Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals, involving electron transfer.
- Covalent bonds form between two or more nonmetals, involving electron sharing.
Chemical Formulas:
- Chemical formulas represent the composition of a compound using element symbols and subscripts indicating the number of atoms.
- The more metallic element is written first, followed by the less metallic.
- Molecular Formula: shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule.
- Empirical Formula: shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
- Structural Formula: uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule.