Pharm Focused Review: Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
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Questions and Answers

Muscle stiffness, tremors, restlessness, and involuntary movements are common side effects of which medication?

  • Antipsychotic agents (correct)
  • Antidepressants
  • Memantine
  • Diphenhydramine

Which antipsychotic medication should be used with caution in patients with Parkinson's disease?

  • Fluphenazine
  • Risperidone (correct)
  • Olanzapine
  • Haloperidol

Which symptom indicates a potential need for antipsychotic treatment according to the text?

  • Elevated blood sugar levels
  • Restlessness and inability to sit still (correct)
  • Poverty of speech and thought
  • Diminished emotional expression

What is a common response time to antidepressants in patients with anxiety and depression, according to the text?

<p>4-6 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Alzheimer's medication is less prone to drug interactions and cholinergic side effects?

<p>Rivastigmine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical goal in managing Alzheimer's disease, according to the text?

<p>Delaying the need for nursing home (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system metabolizes tacrine, donepezil, and galantamine, potentially leading to drug interactions?

<p>P450 enzyme system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of behavior is a core symptom of schizophrenia?

<p>Hyperactive movements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antipsychotic class carries a higher risk of extrapyramidal symptoms compared to newer atypical antipsychotics?

<p>Haloperidol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of antipsychotic medications in terms of metabolic changes?

<p>High blood sugar levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer Disease?

<p>Hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reversible cause of dementia?

<p>Apolipoprotein E (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of cholinesterase inhibitors in treating Alzheimer Disease?

<p>Increased levels of acetylcholine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect of rivastigmine?

<p>Headache (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected response time to cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer Disease?

<p>Within 3-6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for switching to another cholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer Disease?

<p>Lack of response within 3-6 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cognitive deficit in Alzheimer Disease?

<p>Slow, progressive decline in cognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for Alzheimer Disease?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of excessive glutamate stimulation in Alzheimer Disease?

<p>Neuronal toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of galantamine in Alzheimer Disease?

<p>Improved cognitive function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antipsychotic medication should be avoided in patients with a prolonged QT interval?

<p>Fluphenazine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antipsychotic carries the least risk of metabolic syndrome?

<p>Lurasidone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antipsychotic should be considered for patients with Parkinson disease–related psychosis?

<p>Pimavanserin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benzodiazepine is particularly associated with risk for addiction and tolerance?

<p>Alprazolam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antipsychotic medication is commonly used in its injectable form for poor compliance or high risk of relapse?

<p>Fluphenazine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the drug of choice for patients with a history of prescription medication, alcohol, or substance abuse who may become dependent?

<p>Buspirone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Alzheimer's medication is not primarily used for memory problems in dementia but rather for anxiety or episodic agitation?

<p>Benzodiazepines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when taking benzodiazepines to prevent exacerbation of existing depression?

<p>Alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benzodiazepine carries risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, potentially leading to overdose or death?

<p>Temazepam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common side effect associated with benzodiazepines?

<p>Drowsiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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