Pharm Focused Review: Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease
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Questions and Answers

Muscle stiffness, tremors, restlessness, and involuntary movements are common side effects of which medication?

  • Antipsychotic agents (correct)
  • Antidepressants
  • Memantine
  • Diphenhydramine

    • Which antipsychotic medication should be used with caution in patients with Parkinson's disease?

  • Fluphenazine
  • Risperidone (correct)
  • Olanzapine
  • Haloperidol

    • Which symptom indicates a potential need for antipsychotic treatment according to the text?

  • Elevated blood sugar levels
  • Restlessness and inability to sit still (correct)
  • Poverty of speech and thought
  • Diminished emotional expression

    • What is a common response time to antidepressants in patients with anxiety and depression, according to the text?

    <p>4-6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Alzheimer's medication is less prone to drug interactions and cholinergic side effects?

    <p>Rivastigmine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical goal in managing Alzheimer's disease, according to the text?

    <p>Delaying the need for nursing home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system metabolizes tacrine, donepezil, and galantamine, potentially leading to drug interactions?

    <p>P450 enzyme system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of behavior is a core symptom of schizophrenia?

    <p>Hyperactive movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antipsychotic class carries a higher risk of extrapyramidal symptoms compared to newer atypical antipsychotics?

    <p>Haloperidol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of antipsychotic medications in terms of metabolic changes?

    <p>High blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer Disease?

    <p>Hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reversible cause of dementia?

    <p>Apolipoprotein E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of cholinesterase inhibitors in treating Alzheimer Disease?

    <p>Increased levels of acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect of rivastigmine?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected response time to cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer Disease?

    <p>Within 3-6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for switching to another cholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer Disease?

    <p>Lack of response within 3-6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cognitive deficit in Alzheimer Disease?

    <p>Slow, progressive decline in cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for Alzheimer Disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of excessive glutamate stimulation in Alzheimer Disease?

    <p>Neuronal toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of galantamine in Alzheimer Disease?

    <p>Improved cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antipsychotic medication should be avoided in patients with a prolonged QT interval?

    <p>Fluphenazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antipsychotic carries the least risk of metabolic syndrome?

    <p>Lurasidone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antipsychotic should be considered for patients with Parkinson disease–related psychosis?

    <p>Pimavanserin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benzodiazepine is particularly associated with risk for addiction and tolerance?

    <p>Alprazolam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antipsychotic medication is commonly used in its injectable form for poor compliance or high risk of relapse?

    <p>Fluphenazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the drug of choice for patients with a history of prescription medication, alcohol, or substance abuse who may become dependent?

    <p>Buspirone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Alzheimer's medication is not primarily used for memory problems in dementia but rather for anxiety or episodic agitation?

    <p>Benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when taking benzodiazepines to prevent exacerbation of existing depression?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benzodiazepine carries risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, potentially leading to overdose or death?

    <p>Temazepam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect associated with benzodiazepines?

    <p>Drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

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