Pharm Focused Review: Dementia and Alzheimer Disease
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease?

  • Increased levels of serotonin in the brain
  • Excessive stimulation of glutamate receptors (correct)
  • Excessive stimulation of acetylcholine receptors
  • Decreased levels of dopamine in the brain

    • Which apolipoprotein is involved in cholesterol transport and linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease?

  • Apolipoprotein D
  • Apolipoprotein A
  • Apolipoprotein E (correct)
  • Apolipoprotein C

    • What is the most common type of dementia?

  • Frontotemporal dementia
  • Lewy body dementia
  • Alzheimer's disease (correct)
  • Vascular dementia

    • Which medication class is associated with reversible dementia?

    <p>Anticholinergics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurotransmitter depleted in Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reversible cause of dementia?

    <p>Traumatic brain injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibiting acetylcholine breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors before reassessment?

    <p>3-6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of cholinesterase inhibitors?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT a cholinesterase inhibitor?

    <p>Memantine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may be treated with aripiprazole, a partial dopamine agonist?

    <p>Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with anticonvulsants like divalproex, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and lamotrigine?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter system is targeted by memantine (Namenda) in Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Glutamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of antipsychotic medications like haloperidol and trifluoperazine?

    <p>Extrapyramidal symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Alzheimer's medication therapy?

    <p>Prolonging self-sufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom commonly associated with akathisia caused by antipsychotic medications?

    <p>Restlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is risperidone cautioned in patients with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Can exacerbate motor symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with extrapyramidal side effects due to antipsychotic medications?

    <p>Drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme system is responsible for the metabolism of tacrine, donepezil, and galantamine?

    <p>P450 system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing advantage of rivastigmine over other cholinesterase inhibitors?

    <p>Less prone to interactions and side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atypical antipsychotic should be avoided in patients with a prolonged QT interval?

    <p>Quetiapine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which typical (1st generation) antipsychotic is associated with the least risk of metabolic syndrome?

    <p>Perphenazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about dementia and benzodiazepines is accurate?

    <p>Benzodiazepines are not helpful for memory problems in dementia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of benzodiazepines in the CNS?

    <p>Enhancement of GABA production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benzodiazepine is commonly used in older adults due to its lower risk of adverse effects?

    <p>Clorazepate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major concern regarding concurrent use of benzodiazepines and opioids?

    <p>Respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antipsychotic is preferred for patients with Parkinson's disease–related psychosis?

    <p>Aripiprazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with poor compliance or high risk of relapse, what type of antipsychotic formulation may be considered?

    <p>Injectable long-acting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed in patients previously treated for anxiety before starting benzodiazepines?

    <p>Drug seeking behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antipsychotic carries the highest risk of tardive dyskinesia?

    <p>Haloperidol</p> Signup and view all the answers

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