Pharm Focused Review: Dementia and Alzheimer Disease
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease?

  • Increased levels of serotonin in the brain
  • Excessive stimulation of glutamate receptors (correct)
  • Excessive stimulation of acetylcholine receptors
  • Decreased levels of dopamine in the brain

Which apolipoprotein is involved in cholesterol transport and linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease?

  • Apolipoprotein D
  • Apolipoprotein A
  • Apolipoprotein E (correct)
  • Apolipoprotein C

What is the most common type of dementia?

  • Frontotemporal dementia
  • Lewy body dementia
  • Alzheimer's disease (correct)
  • Vascular dementia

Which medication class is associated with reversible dementia?

<p>Anticholinergics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary neurotransmitter depleted in Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Acetylcholine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reversible cause of dementia?

<p>Traumatic brain injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors?

<p>Inhibiting acetylcholine breakdown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors before reassessment?

<p>3-6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect of cholinesterase inhibitors?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is NOT a cholinesterase inhibitor?

<p>Memantine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may be treated with aripiprazole, a partial dopamine agonist?

<p>Alzheimer's disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with anticonvulsants like divalproex, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and lamotrigine?

<p>Hyponatremia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter system is targeted by memantine (Namenda) in Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Glutamate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of antipsychotic medications like haloperidol and trifluoperazine?

<p>Extrapyramidal symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Alzheimer's medication therapy?

<p>Prolonging self-sufficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom commonly associated with akathisia caused by antipsychotic medications?

<p>Restlessness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is risperidone cautioned in patients with Parkinson's disease?

<p>Can exacerbate motor symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with extrapyramidal side effects due to antipsychotic medications?

<p>Drowsiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme system is responsible for the metabolism of tacrine, donepezil, and galantamine?

<p>P450 system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing advantage of rivastigmine over other cholinesterase inhibitors?

<p>Less prone to interactions and side effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atypical antipsychotic should be avoided in patients with a prolonged QT interval?

<p>Quetiapine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which typical (1st generation) antipsychotic is associated with the least risk of metabolic syndrome?

<p>Perphenazine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about dementia and benzodiazepines is accurate?

<p>Benzodiazepines are not helpful for memory problems in dementia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of benzodiazepines in the CNS?

<p>Enhancement of GABA production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benzodiazepine is commonly used in older adults due to its lower risk of adverse effects?

<p>Clorazepate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major concern regarding concurrent use of benzodiazepines and opioids?

<p>Respiratory depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antipsychotic is preferred for patients with Parkinson's disease–related psychosis?

<p>Aripiprazole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In patients with poor compliance or high risk of relapse, what type of antipsychotic formulation may be considered?

<p>Injectable long-acting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed in patients previously treated for anxiety before starting benzodiazepines?

<p>Drug seeking behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antipsychotic carries the highest risk of tardive dyskinesia?

<p>Haloperidol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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