30 Questions
What is the primary mechanism of neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease?
Excessive stimulation of glutamate receptors
Which apolipoprotein is involved in cholesterol transport and linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease?
Apolipoprotein E
What is the most common type of dementia?
Alzheimer's disease
Which medication class is associated with reversible dementia?
Anticholinergics
What is the primary neurotransmitter depleted in Alzheimer's disease?
Acetylcholine
Which of the following is NOT a reversible cause of dementia?
Traumatic brain injury
What is the primary mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors?
Inhibiting acetylcholine breakdown
What is the typical duration of treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors before reassessment?
3-6 months
Which of the following is a common side effect of cholinesterase inhibitors?
All of the above
Which of the following medications is NOT a cholinesterase inhibitor?
Memantine
Which condition may be treated with aripiprazole, a partial dopamine agonist?
Alzheimer's disease
What is a potential risk associated with anticonvulsants like divalproex, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and lamotrigine?
Hyponatremia
Which neurotransmitter system is targeted by memantine (Namenda) in Alzheimer's disease?
Glutamate
What is a potential side effect of antipsychotic medications like haloperidol and trifluoperazine?
Extrapyramidal symptoms
What is the main goal of Alzheimer's medication therapy?
Prolonging self-sufficiency
What is a symptom commonly associated with akathisia caused by antipsychotic medications?
Restlessness
Why is risperidone cautioned in patients with Parkinson's disease?
Can exacerbate motor symptoms
Which symptom is NOT associated with extrapyramidal side effects due to antipsychotic medications?
Drowsiness
Which enzyme system is responsible for the metabolism of tacrine, donepezil, and galantamine?
P450 system
What is a distinguishing advantage of rivastigmine over other cholinesterase inhibitors?
Less prone to interactions and side effects
Which atypical antipsychotic should be avoided in patients with a prolonged QT interval?
Quetiapine
Which typical (1st generation) antipsychotic is associated with the least risk of metabolic syndrome?
Perphenazine
Which statement about dementia and benzodiazepines is accurate?
Benzodiazepines are not helpful for memory problems in dementia.
What is the primary mode of action of benzodiazepines in the CNS?
Enhancement of GABA production
Which benzodiazepine is commonly used in older adults due to its lower risk of adverse effects?
Clorazepate
What is the major concern regarding concurrent use of benzodiazepines and opioids?
Respiratory depression
Which antipsychotic is preferred for patients with Parkinson's disease–related psychosis?
Aripiprazole
In patients with poor compliance or high risk of relapse, what type of antipsychotic formulation may be considered?
Injectable long-acting
What should be assessed in patients previously treated for anxiety before starting benzodiazepines?
Drug seeking behavior
Which antipsychotic carries the highest risk of tardive dyskinesia?
Haloperidol
This quiz focuses on dementia, neurocognitive disorders, formation of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques, Alzheimer's disease, causes of dementia such as Apolipoprotein E, advanced age, and traumatic brain injury.
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