Pharm Exam 1 Review

The proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in an unchanged form.

The study of how genetic variations influence drug response.

The process by which a drug is metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation, reducing the amount of active drug available to the body.

The range of drug concentrations in the blood that is both effective and safe.

A protein family that plays a key role in the metabolism of drugs and other substances in the body.

A state in which a drug binds to a receptor and produces a physiological effect similar to the natural ligand.

A state in which a drug binds to a receptor and blocks the action of the natural ligand.

Any unexpected or unintended response to a drug, ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening reactions.

Live attenuated vaccines use a weakened version of the virus to stimulate an immune response. It's like a 'practice run' for the body's defenses. The virus is still alive, but it's been modified to be less harmful.

Inactivated vaccines contain the virus or bacteria that has been killed. This means it can't cause illness but still triggers an immune response. Imagine it as a 'photo' of the virus that the body can recognize.

Live attenuated vaccines are often given orally, meaning they are swallowed. They require a single dose and provide long-lasting immunity. Think of it as giving your body a 'taste' of the virus.

Inactivated vaccines need to be administered multiple times, often through intramuscular injections. This reinforces the immune response and provides stable protection. Think of it as giving your body multiple 'practice' sessions.

Examples of live attenuated vaccines: - Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) - Varicella (chickenpox) - Rotavirus (diarrhea) - Oral poliovirus (prevents paralysis) - Yellow fever Examples of inactivated vaccines: - Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DTaP) - Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) - Inactivated poliovirus (IPV) - Hepatitis A & B - Influenza (flu shot) - Human papillomavirus (HPV)

A live, attenuated vaccine used to protect against tuberculosis, a serious lung infection.

A vaccine that provides immunity against multiple viral diseases, such as measles, mumps, and rubella.

A vaccine that protects against the bacteria responsible for serious infections like pneumonia, meningitis, and ear infections in children.

A vaccine that protects against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a bacteria that can cause serious infections in children, including meningitis and pneumonia.

A vaccine that protects against Meningococcus bacteria, which can cause meningitis, sepsis, and other serious infections.

A vaccine that protects against the measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox) viruses.

A vaccine that protects against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a common respiratory infection that can be serious in infants and young children.

A vaccine that protects against the rabies virus, which is transmitted through the bite of an infected animal.

A vaccine that targets the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis, typically given to infants and young children, especially in high-risk areas.

The DTaP, Tdap, and Td vaccines are all designed to protect against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough). They differ in their specific components and recommended ages for administration.

A vaccine that protects against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a bacterium that can cause serious illnesses like meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis, especially in young children.

A vaccine that protects against polio, a viral disease that can cause paralysis and other serious complications. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is the most commonly used type of polio vaccine today.

A vaccine that protects against hepatitis B, a viral infection that can cause serious liver damage. It is typically administered as a series of injections.

Vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against a specific disease, preventing future infection.

A weakened or inactive form of the virus or bacteria is introduced into the body. The body learns to fight off the weakened version and develops immunity to the real thing.

The vaccine contains specific antigens from the virus or bacteria, but not the whole organism. The body recognizes these antigens and mounts an immune response.

A weakened virus or bacteria that cannot replicate. The body learns to recognize and fight off the virus or bacteria.

This type of vaccine involves injecting purified antibodies into the body. This provides immediate protection, but it's not long-lasting.

Bupropion is a medication used to treat nicotine addiction. It works by reducing craving and withdrawal symptoms.

Marijuana is a drug that can lead to dependency and has various negative effects, including altered perception, impaired memory, and psychological issues.

Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs known for their calming and sedative effects but can lead to addiction and withdrawal symptoms.