36 Questions
What is the charge of RGD-phage?
Negative charge
What is the characteristic of the DNA genome of filamentous bacteriophages?
Circular single-stranded
What is the function of panning in the phage display system?
To select phages that interact with the cognate ligand
What is the receptor used by many filamentous bacteriophages?
Bacterial pilus
What is the charge of chitosan?
Positive charge
What is the advantage of the phage display system?
It represents a huge catalog of different peptides presented on the surface of viral particles
When was the phage display technology developed?
In the 90s
What is the morphology of filamentous bacteriophages?
Filiform
What is the primary target of ListShield™, a food additive?
Listeria monocytogenes
What is the main purpose of EcoShield™?
To kill Escherichia coli O157:H7 in red meat
What is the primary function of PhagoBioDerm?
To treat burn wounds infected with multiresistant S. aureus
What is the primary benefit of using phage therapy to treat infections?
It is more effective in treating biofilm-associated infections
What is the primary goal of using bacteriophages in farm chickens?
To prevent salmonella infections
What is a significant advantage of phagemid genomes over phage genomes?
Easier maintenance of large DNA inserts
What is the name of the phage used in the case report of prosthetic knee infection?
KpJH46Φ2
What feature of phagemid libraries facilitates the production of high yields of double-stranded DNA?
Simple plasmid preparation protocol
What is the result of using phage therapy to treat the prosthetic knee infection?
The infection remitted with reduced erythema and swelling
What is the main advantage of PhagoBioDerm over traditional antibiotics?
It is a biodegradable polymer that contains bacteriophages and other drugs
Which component of the phagemid is responsible for facilitating phage-based display?
gIII packaging signal
What is the purpose of the resistance gene in the phagemid?
To confer antibiotic resistance
What is a characteristic of the phagemid library?
Hybrid of phage and plasmid elements
What is an advantage of the phagemid system compared to traditional phage systems?
Easier preparation of high yields of DNA
What is the primary advantage of using phage-based bacterial detection strategies over molecular biology approaches like PCR?
They reduce the number of false positives
What is the mechanism of detection in the biological phage-based kit for Escherichia coli?
Release of β-galactosidase and enzymatic activity
What is the primary application of bacteriophages as antimicrobial tools?
Treating bacterial infections on plants and food
What is the name of the product registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for treating tomato and pepper diseases?
Agriphage
What is the target of the bacteriophage-based product for treating tomato and pepper diseases?
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
What is the benefit of using phage-based detection strategies in bioterrorism?
They can detect viable bacteria
What is the advantage of using magnetic beads conjugated to T7 bacteriophage in E. coli detection?
Increased specificity for E. coli strains
What is the readout of the bacteriophage-based detection kit for E. coli?
Colorimetric signal
What is the purpose of formulating drugs with targeting molecules as ligands of specific cell surface markers?
To target specific cells or tissues to maximize therapeutic effects
Who demonstrated the concept of formulating drugs with targeting molecules as ligands of specific cell surface markers?
Jung et al. (2007) and Rajotte et al. (1998)
What is the purpose of directed molecular evolution in the context of novel drug delivery strategies?
To introduce random mutations into a gene to create a library of variants
What is the next step in the process of directed molecular evolution after creating a phage library?
Panning
What is the outcome of clon selection in the context of directed molecular evolution?
A single clone with the desired binding properties
What is the advantage of using directed molecular evolution for novel drug delivery strategies?
It allows for the selection of specific binding molecules or ligands
Study Notes
Phage-based Bacterial Detection Strategies
- Bacteriophages can be used as sensors for detecting bacteria, specifically living bacteria, reducing false positives associated with molecular biology approaches like PCR.
- Phage-based kits can detect the presence of E. coli in water samples, with applications in food- and water-borne pathogen detection, bioterrorism, and disinfection in hospitals and agriculture.
Bacteriophages as Antimicrobial Tools
- Bacteriophages can be used to treat bacterial infections on plants and food, with registered products like OmniLytic's Agriphage and Intralytix's ListShield and EcoShield.
- Phage-based products can target specific bacteria, such as Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria, Pseudomonas syringae pv.Tomato, and Listeria monocytogenes.
Phage Therapy
- Phage-based antimicrobial wound dressings, like PhagoBioDerm, can be used to treat burn wounds infected with multiresistant S. aureus infections.
- Phage therapy has been successful in treating limb-threatening prosthetic knee infections, with reduced erythema and swelling, and no treatment-related adverse effects.
Phage Display System
- The phage display system is a technology developed in the 1990s, where phages display proteins on their surface, and the genes encoding these proteins are contained within the phage particle.
- The system allows for the selection of individual phages that interact with specific ligands, creating a large catalogue of peptides presented on the surface of the viral particle, physically linked to their encoding DNA.
Filamentous Bacteriophages
- Filamentous bacteriophages, such as those from the genus Inovirus, have a circular single-stranded (+) DNA genome, a long protein capsid, and often use bacterial pilus as a receptor.
- These phages can be used for phage display, with advantages including high yields of double-stranded DNA and the ability to maintain large DNA inserts.
Novel Drug Delivery Strategies
- Phage-based systems can be used to formulate drugs with targeting molecules as ligands of specific cell surface markers, allowing for novel drug delivery strategies.
Directed Molecular Evolution
- Phage-based systems can be used for directed molecular evolution, where mutagenesis, phage library creation, and clon selection (panning) can be used to select for specific peptides or proteins.
Explore the role of bacteriophages in detecting bacteria, including quorum sensing and detection of living bacteria. Learn about the latest trends in biotechnology.
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