Phage-based Bacterial Detection Strategies
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Questions and Answers

What is the charge of RGD-phage?

  • Neutral charge
  • Positive charge
  • Negative charge (correct)
  • It depends on the environment

    • What is the characteristic of the DNA genome of filamentous bacteriophages?

  • Linear single-stranded
  • Circular single-stranded (correct)
  • Linear double-stranded
  • Circular double-stranded

    • What is the function of panning in the phage display system?

  • To analyze the phage's surface protein
  • To clone DNA sequences
  • To amplify the phages
  • To select phages that interact with the cognate ligand (correct)

    • What is the receptor used by many filamentous bacteriophages?

    <p>Bacterial pilus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of chitosan?

    <p>Positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of the phage display system?

    <p>It represents a huge catalog of different peptides presented on the surface of viral particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the phage display technology developed?

    <p>In the 90s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the morphology of filamentous bacteriophages?

    <p>Filiform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of ListShield™, a food additive?

    <p>Listeria monocytogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of EcoShield™?

    <p>To kill Escherichia coli O157:H7 in red meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of PhagoBioDerm?

    <p>To treat burn wounds infected with multiresistant S. aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using phage therapy to treat infections?

    <p>It is more effective in treating biofilm-associated infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of using bacteriophages in farm chickens?

    <p>To prevent salmonella infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of phagemid genomes over phage genomes?

    <p>Easier maintenance of large DNA inserts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the phage used in the case report of prosthetic knee infection?

    <p>KpJH46Φ2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of phagemid libraries facilitates the production of high yields of double-stranded DNA?

    <p>Simple plasmid preparation protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of using phage therapy to treat the prosthetic knee infection?

    <p>The infection remitted with reduced erythema and swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of PhagoBioDerm over traditional antibiotics?

    <p>It is a biodegradable polymer that contains bacteriophages and other drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the phagemid is responsible for facilitating phage-based display?

    <p>gIII packaging signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the resistance gene in the phagemid?

    <p>To confer antibiotic resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the phagemid library?

    <p>Hybrid of phage and plasmid elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of the phagemid system compared to traditional phage systems?

    <p>Easier preparation of high yields of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using phage-based bacterial detection strategies over molecular biology approaches like PCR?

    <p>They reduce the number of false positives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of detection in the biological phage-based kit for Escherichia coli?

    <p>Release of β-galactosidase and enzymatic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of bacteriophages as antimicrobial tools?

    <p>Treating bacterial infections on plants and food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the product registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for treating tomato and pepper diseases?

    <p>Agriphage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of the bacteriophage-based product for treating tomato and pepper diseases?

    <p>Xanthomonas campestris pv.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using phage-based detection strategies in bioterrorism?

    <p>They can detect viable bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using magnetic beads conjugated to T7 bacteriophage in E. coli detection?

    <p>Increased specificity for E. coli strains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the readout of the bacteriophage-based detection kit for E. coli?

    <p>Colorimetric signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of formulating drugs with targeting molecules as ligands of specific cell surface markers?

    <p>To target specific cells or tissues to maximize therapeutic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who demonstrated the concept of formulating drugs with targeting molecules as ligands of specific cell surface markers?

    <p>Jung et al. (2007) and Rajotte et al. (1998)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of directed molecular evolution in the context of novel drug delivery strategies?

    <p>To introduce random mutations into a gene to create a library of variants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step in the process of directed molecular evolution after creating a phage library?

    <p>Panning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of clon selection in the context of directed molecular evolution?

    <p>A single clone with the desired binding properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using directed molecular evolution for novel drug delivery strategies?

    <p>It allows for the selection of specific binding molecules or ligands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Phage-based Bacterial Detection Strategies

    • Bacteriophages can be used as sensors for detecting bacteria, specifically living bacteria, reducing false positives associated with molecular biology approaches like PCR.
    • Phage-based kits can detect the presence of E. coli in water samples, with applications in food- and water-borne pathogen detection, bioterrorism, and disinfection in hospitals and agriculture.

    Bacteriophages as Antimicrobial Tools

    • Bacteriophages can be used to treat bacterial infections on plants and food, with registered products like OmniLytic's Agriphage and Intralytix's ListShield and EcoShield.
    • Phage-based products can target specific bacteria, such as Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria, Pseudomonas syringae pv.Tomato, and Listeria monocytogenes.

    Phage Therapy

    • Phage-based antimicrobial wound dressings, like PhagoBioDerm, can be used to treat burn wounds infected with multiresistant S. aureus infections.
    • Phage therapy has been successful in treating limb-threatening prosthetic knee infections, with reduced erythema and swelling, and no treatment-related adverse effects.

    Phage Display System

    • The phage display system is a technology developed in the 1990s, where phages display proteins on their surface, and the genes encoding these proteins are contained within the phage particle.
    • The system allows for the selection of individual phages that interact with specific ligands, creating a large catalogue of peptides presented on the surface of the viral particle, physically linked to their encoding DNA.

    Filamentous Bacteriophages

    • Filamentous bacteriophages, such as those from the genus Inovirus, have a circular single-stranded (+) DNA genome, a long protein capsid, and often use bacterial pilus as a receptor.
    • These phages can be used for phage display, with advantages including high yields of double-stranded DNA and the ability to maintain large DNA inserts.

    Novel Drug Delivery Strategies

    • Phage-based systems can be used to formulate drugs with targeting molecules as ligands of specific cell surface markers, allowing for novel drug delivery strategies.

    Directed Molecular Evolution

    • Phage-based systems can be used for directed molecular evolution, where mutagenesis, phage library creation, and clon selection (panning) can be used to select for specific peptides or proteins.

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    Explore the role of bacteriophages in detecting bacteria, including quorum sensing and detection of living bacteria. Learn about the latest trends in biotechnology.

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