Bacteriophages: Abundant and Diverse Entities

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Questions and Answers

In comparison to eukaryotic cells, bacterial cells are usually:

  • Diploid
  • Triploid
  • Aneuploid
  • Haploid (correct)

What is the typical composition of bacterial chromosomes?

  • Single, circular DNA molecule (correct)
  • Double-stranded RNA molecules
  • Triple-stranded DNA molecule
  • Multiple linear DNA molecules

How do bacterial chromosomes replicate?

  • Non-conservative method
  • Dispersive method
  • Conservative method
  • Semi-conservative method (correct)

Which enzyme is involved in synthesizing a complementary strand during DNA replication in bacteria?

<p>Polymerase enzyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What holds complementary bases together in the DNA molecule?

<p>Hydrogen bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bacteriophages in the biosphere?

<p>Influencing microbial communities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length range of bacterial chromosomes?

<p>$4000-5000 Kbps$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bacteriophages attach to bacterial cells?

<p>They have receptor-binding proteins on their surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the entry (penetration) phase of bacteriophage infection?

<p>The phage injects its genetic material into the host cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a bacteriophage replicate inside a bacterial cell?

<p>By using the host's cellular machinery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of bacteriophage infection is the phage's protein coat (capsid) usually found outside the host cell?

<p>Entry (Penetration) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens after the replication of new phage particles within a bacterial cell?

<p>The host cell lyses, releasing new phages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a lysogenic pathway in bacteriophages?

<p>Integration of genetic material into the bacterial chromosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a frameshift mutation?

<p>Inserts or deletes nucleotide(s) that alters the reading frame (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variation in bacteria is reversible and not heritable?

<p>Phenotypic Variation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of mutations resulting from errors during DNA replication?

<p>Wrong nucleotides being inserted (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the transfer of genetic material between bacteria through direct cell-to-cell contact?

<p>Conjugation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of F plasmids in conjugation?

<p>They carry genes that enable conjugation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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