Bacteriophages: Abundant and Diverse Entities
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Questions and Answers

In comparison to eukaryotic cells, bacterial cells are usually:

  • Diploid
  • Triploid
  • Aneuploid
  • Haploid (correct)

    • What is the typical composition of bacterial chromosomes?

  • Single, circular DNA molecule (correct)
  • Double-stranded RNA molecules
  • Triple-stranded DNA molecule
  • Multiple linear DNA molecules

    • How do bacterial chromosomes replicate?

  • Non-conservative method
  • Dispersive method
  • Conservative method
  • Semi-conservative method (correct)

    • Which enzyme is involved in synthesizing a complementary strand during DNA replication in bacteria?

    <p>Polymerase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What holds complementary bases together in the DNA molecule?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bacteriophages in the biosphere?

    <p>Influencing microbial communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length range of bacterial chromosomes?

    <p>$4000-5000 Kbps$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bacteriophages attach to bacterial cells?

    <p>They have receptor-binding proteins on their surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the entry (penetration) phase of bacteriophage infection?

    <p>The phage injects its genetic material into the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a bacteriophage replicate inside a bacterial cell?

    <p>By using the host's cellular machinery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of bacteriophage infection is the phage's protein coat (capsid) usually found outside the host cell?

    <p>Entry (Penetration)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after the replication of new phage particles within a bacterial cell?

    <p>The host cell lyses, releasing new phages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a lysogenic pathway in bacteriophages?

    <p>Integration of genetic material into the bacterial chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a frameshift mutation?

    <p>Inserts or deletes nucleotide(s) that alters the reading frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of variation in bacteria is reversible and not heritable?

    <p>Phenotypic Variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of mutations resulting from errors during DNA replication?

    <p>Wrong nucleotides being inserted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the transfer of genetic material between bacteria through direct cell-to-cell contact?

    <p>Conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of F plasmids in conjugation?

    <p>They carry genes that enable conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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