Questions and Answers
What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.01 M?
Which of the following characteristics is common to both strong and weak acids?
What is the pH of a solution with an equimolar concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)?
Which acid is an example of a weak acid?
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What is the effect of increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution on its pH?
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Study Notes
pH Scale
- The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
- pH = -log[H+]
- pH ranges from 0 to 14, with:
- pH 7: neutral (equimolar concentrations of H+ and OH-)
- pH < 7: acidic (excess H+)
- pH > 7: basic (excess OH-)
Strong Acids
- Completely dissociate in water to produce H+ and an anion
- Examples:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Nitric acid (HNO3)
- Perchloric acid (HClO4)
- Characteristics:
- High dissociation constant (Ka)
- Completely ionize in water
- Produce a high concentration of H+ ions
Weak Acids
- Partially dissociate in water to produce H+ and an anion
- Examples:
- Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
- Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
- Citric acid (C6H8O7)
- Formic acid (HCOOH)
- Characteristics:
- Low dissociation constant (Ka)
- Partially ionize in water
- Produce a low concentration of H+ ions
pH Scale
- Measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
- Calculated using the formula pH = -log[H+]
- Ranges from 0 to 14
- Neutral pH: 7, where H+ and OH- concentrations are equimolar
- Acidic pH: < 7, with excess H+ ions
- Basic pH: > 7, with excess OH- ions
Strong Acids
- Completely dissociate in water to produce H+ and an anion
- Characteristics:
- High dissociation constant (Ka)
- Complete ionization in water
- Produce high concentrations of H+ ions
- Examples:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Nitric acid (HNO3)
- Perchloric acid (HClO4)
Weak Acids
- Partially dissociate in water to produce H+ and an anion
- Characteristics:
- Low dissociation constant (Ka)
- Partial ionization in water
- Produce low concentrations of H+ ions
- Examples:
- Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
- Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
- Citric acid (C6H8O7)
- Formic acid (HCOOH)
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Description
Learn about the pH scale, its calculation, and characteristics of strong acids. Understand how to identify acidic, basic, and neutral solutions.
