Pesticide Names and Classifications

• Pesticide definition (PD 1144): any substance/product/mixture with active ingredients and adjuvants to control, prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests.
• Understanding pesticide names and classifications is key for managing risks and using pesticides correctly.

Pesticide Nomenclature

• Pesticides are identified by their chemical, common and trade names.
• Everything is made of chemicals, including water (H2O) and pesticides.

Chemical and Common Names

• IUPAC chemical nomenclature is a systematic naming system for chemical compounds, not usually on pesticide labels but in safety sheets (MSDS/SDS).
• Chemical common names (e.g., mancozeb, glyphosate, cypermethrin) simplify chemical names via ISO or ANSI for better understanding and informed choices.

Experimental Names

• During research, molecules with pesticidal action are screened.
• An analogue is structurally similar but differs slightly in composition.
• Experimental names (e.g., DPX-E2Y45 for chlorantraniliprole) are used in early research; DPX indicates the company (DuPont).

Trade Names

• Trade names are for commercialization, establishing brand presence.
• Chlorantraniliprole is branded as RynaxypyrTM in pesticide products like PrevathonTM 5SC. Other companies may use the common name chlorantraniliprole, but Rynaxypyr and chlorantraniliprole essentially are the same.

Pesticide Classifications

• Based on Registration Data Protection
• Proprietary pesticides are protected by patents and registration data (IPOPhil & FPA), restricting manufacture to the original registrant.
• A Patent grants inventors exclusive rights for 20 years from filing with no renewal.
• Data protection is provided by FPA.

Data Submission

• Data to support pesticide active ingredient registration gets proprietary protection for 8 years in the Philippines.
• No application citing same data is allowed during this time.

New Data

• New proprietary data (not in published literature) for commodity pesticides gets 3-year protection.
• Subsequent applications cannot cite previously submitted proprietary data.

Commodity

• Commodity pesticide products ("generics") can be registered based on existing data or international reviews after data protection, if substantially similar and no increased risk.

Restriction Categories

• Based on FPA Greenbook Section 5.2.3

Banned Pesticides

• Banned pesticides cannot be imported or used. These have been found unacceptable or registrations cancelled.
• Some pesticides banned elsewhere may be allowed under Prior Informed Consent (PIC).
• Lists are in the FPA Website, Memo Circulars, and Greenbook.

Restriction Due to Health Hazards

• Pesticides in this category are not allowed due to health risks.
• Factors considered: acute/chronic toxicity, antidotes, carcinogenicity, environmental properties (residual life, bioaccumulation, leachability).

Restriction to Gather More Information

• Pesticides needing more local monitoring due to potential adverse effects.
• Allows local experience before general sale under controlled conditions.

Restriction Due to Phytotoxicity to Crops

• Mostly for herbicides, when crop tolerance depends on specific conditions not always met by farmers.
• Requires technology and farmer education for general use.

Pesticides For Institutional Use Only

• Use limited to institutions, with modified guidelines.
• Institutional users can exercise close supervision during pesticide application.
• Occupational exposure is limited to smaller, monitored groups.
• Institutions have higher awareness, and easier for FPA to reach.
• Products will be directly available from the Philippine distributor/importer to the institution. No over-the-counter sales via dealership networks.
• Restrictions made only if there is a potential advantage gained from restriction use while mitigating some adverse effects.

Pesticides for Certified Pesticide Applicator Use Only

• Restricted pesticides must be used/applied under direct supervision of certified applicators or conditions set by the FPA as per PD 1144.

Pesticide Applicator Training Categories

• Training programs educate on pesticide handling for agricultural certified applicators:
• Fumigator
• Exterminator
• Drone Controller
• Drone Spray Crew Supervisor
• Drone (RPAS) operators must be AgCPA certified per FPA Memorandum Circular No. 28 s. 2018, reiterated in the FPA 2020 Greenbook, for commercial or research.

RPAS AgCPA Guidelines

• RPAS AgCPAs should only apply pesticides registered with FPA for RPAS (drone) use.

Pesticides Based on their Nature and Use Pattern

• According to FPA Greenbook Table 3, Classification of Pesticides based on Toxicity and Hazard

Toxicity Category

• Category I (Danger: Poison) - Red
• Category II (Warning: Harmful) - Yellow
• Category III (Caution) - Blue
• Category IV - Green

Hazard

• Hazard is the acute health risk.

Toxicity

• TOXICITY category does not equal toxicity to target pests.
• Category I pesticides are not necessarily more toxic/effective to target pests compared to Category II, III, or IV products.

FPA Registered Pesticides (August 2022)

• Category I: 4 active ingredients (0.23% of total), mostly fumigants requiring special training.
• Category II: 79 active ingredients (19% of total), including herbicides (14%), fungicides (18%), insecticides (54%).
• Category III: 64 active ingredients (15% of total).
• Category IV: 256 active ingredients (60% of total).
• Unclassified: 21 active ingredients, insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides.

Chemical Pesticides

• Based on FPA Greenbook section 2.1.4.

Use Classifications

• Agriculture/Home Garden/Turf:
• Insecticide
• Fungicide
• Herbicide
• Rodenticide
• Nematicide
• Bactericide
• Molluscicide
• Acaricide (miticide)
• Other Chemical Pesticides:
• Growth regulator
• Defoliant
• Desiccant
• Systemic activator of resistance
• Surfactant/Adjuvant
• Emulsifier
• Agricultural disinfectant
• Biorational Pesticides:
• Biochemical pest control agents (Semiochemical, Hormone etc.)
• Microbial pest control agents (Bacterium, Fungus etc.)
• Plant-incorporated protectants (PIP)

Pesticide Market

• Local market is chemically synthesized pesticides rather than the alternatives.

Pesticide Formulations

• FAO 2014: Formulation designed to render the product to be both useful and effective.
• Pesticide formulations may be liquid or solid.
• A pesticide with single or mixture active ingredient may not always have more than 1 available formulation.

Resistance Management

• The development of resistance is a critical focus for the crop protection industry.
• Resistance occurs when farmers use the same mode of action (MoA) without other overlapping MoA or nonchemical control.
• Sequential applications or mixtures with different MoAs delay resistance.
• FPA included MoA labeling guidance with RAC in Greenbook 2020.
• Global pesticide experts update (FRAC), (HRAC) and (IRAC) codes and lists.
• Pesticide labels and applicator education are key in resistance management.

Disinfectants

• Disinfectants are now under FPA's jurisdiction.
• The user should read the labels of specific products for directed use and application.
• Disinfectants are not interchangeable.
• Inappropriate concentrations and inappropriate disinfectants can lead to excessive costs.

Common Groups of Disinfectants

• Alcohol
• Chlorine and chlorine compounds
• Formaldehyde
• Glutaraldehyde
• Hydrogen peroxide
• lodophors
• Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA)
• Peracetic acid
• Peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide
• Phenolics
• Quaternary ammonium compounds