Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking? (Select all that apply)
Because persuasion aims to change the beliefs or actions of listeners, speaking to persuade is one of the few cases in which a speaker does not need to consider her or his ethical obligations.
Because persuasion aims to change the beliefs or actions of listeners, speaking to persuade is one of the few cases in which a speaker does not need to consider her or his ethical obligations.
False
The ____________ audience is the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.
The ____________ audience is the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.
target
Concentrating on the target audience means that a persuasive speaker can ignore the rest of the audience.
Concentrating on the target audience means that a persuasive speaker can ignore the rest of the audience.
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"To persuade my audience that eating yogurt prolongs human life" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ____________.
"To persuade my audience that eating yogurt prolongs human life" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ____________.
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A persuasive speech on a question of fact is essentially the same as an informative speech.
A persuasive speech on a question of fact is essentially the same as an informative speech.
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"To persuade my audience that discrimination on the basis of marital status is unfair" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ___________.
"To persuade my audience that discrimination on the basis of marital status is unfair" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ___________.
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Persuasive speeches on questions of value are usually organized in __________.
Persuasive speeches on questions of value are usually organized in __________.
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Whenever you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to ___________________.
Whenever you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to ___________________.
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A question of ____________ deals with whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.
A question of ____________ deals with whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.
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"To persuade my audience that Congress should revise the laws governing medical malpractice" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.
"To persuade my audience that Congress should revise the laws governing medical malpractice" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.
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In a persuasive speech to gain ____________, the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of that policy.
In a persuasive speech to gain ____________, the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of that policy.
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"To persuade my audience to become regular blood donors" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech seeking passive agreement.
"To persuade my audience to become regular blood donors" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech seeking passive agreement.
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What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? I. Fraudulent charity fund-raising has become a widespread problem. II. The problem can be solved by a combination of government initiative and individual awareness.
What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? I. Fraudulent charity fund-raising has become a widespread problem. II. The problem can be solved by a combination of government initiative and individual awareness.
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____________ is a five-step method of speech organization that follows the process of human thinking and leads the listener step by step to a desired action.
____________ is a five-step method of speech organization that follows the process of human thinking and leads the listener step by step to a desired action.
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Which of the following is the third step in Monroe's motivated sequence?
Which of the following is the third step in Monroe's motivated sequence?
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In the visualization step of Monroe's motivated sequence, the speaker ___________________.
In the visualization step of Monroe's motivated sequence, the speaker ___________________.
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Monroe's motivated sequence is most useful for speeches that seek immediate action.
Monroe's motivated sequence is most useful for speeches that seek immediate action.
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When using Monroe's motivated sequence to organize a persuasive speech on a question of policy, the action step should be placed in the __________________.
When using Monroe's motivated sequence to organize a persuasive speech on a question of policy, the action step should be placed in the __________________.
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What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? I. The problem of eating disorders affects more than four million Americans. II. The causes of eating disorders include peer pressure, fad diets, and the media's glamorization of thinness. III. An effective solution to eating disorders must address all three of these causes.
What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? I. The problem of eating disorders affects more than four million Americans. II. The causes of eating disorders include peer pressure, fad diets, and the media's glamorization of thinness. III. An effective solution to eating disorders must address all three of these causes.
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Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. What are they?
Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. What are they?
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Which of the following statements is most clearly directed at the need issue in a persuasive speech on a question of policy?
Which of the following statements is most clearly directed at the need issue in a persuasive speech on a question of policy?
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Which of the following statements is most clearly directed at the practicality issue in a persuasive speech on a question of policy?
Which of the following statements is most clearly directed at the practicality issue in a persuasive speech on a question of policy?
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What does the textbook mean when it says that a persuasive speech is a kind of mental dialogue between the speaker and the audience? Why is it important for you to keep this mental dialogue in mind when you prepare a persuasive speech?
What does the textbook mean when it says that a persuasive speech is a kind of mental dialogue between the speaker and the audience? Why is it important for you to keep this mental dialogue in mind when you prepare a persuasive speech?
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Why is persuasive speaking more complex than speaking to inform?
Why is persuasive speaking more complex than speaking to inform?
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____________ is the audience's perception of how believable a speaker is.
____________ is the audience's perception of how believable a speaker is.
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A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience regards the speaker's ________________.
A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience regards the speaker's ________________.
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____________ is the name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility.
____________ is the name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility.
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Strong evidence can:
Strong evidence can:
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No matter what kind of evidence you employ, it will be more persuasive if you state it in specific rather than general terms.
No matter what kind of evidence you employ, it will be more persuasive if you state it in specific rather than general terms.
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Evidence is more likely to be persuasive if it is familiar to the audience.
Evidence is more likely to be persuasive if it is familiar to the audience.
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Pathos is the word Aristotle used to refer to a speaker's logical appeal.
Pathos is the word Aristotle used to refer to a speaker's logical appeal.
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What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? Over the past few years, there have been a number of cases of academic fraud in men's college basketball programs. We can conclude, therefore, that academic fraud is a widespread problem in men's college basketball.
What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? Over the past few years, there have been a number of cases of academic fraud in men's college basketball programs. We can conclude, therefore, that academic fraud is a widespread problem in men's college basketball.
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What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? I watched a Taiwanese film in class last week, and it was extremely violent. When I mentioned this to my friend, she said that she, too, had seen a violent Taiwanese film. Apparently all Taiwanese films are violent.
What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? I watched a Taiwanese film in class last week, and it was extremely violent. When I mentioned this to my friend, she said that she, too, had seen a violent Taiwanese film. Apparently all Taiwanese films are violent.
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Reasoning from principle involves moving from a specific principle to a general conclusion.
Reasoning from principle involves moving from a specific principle to a general conclusion.
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What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? I usually eat spaghetti for dinner the day before an exam, but I ran out of spaghetti the night before the calculus final. That's why I got a C.
What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? I usually eat spaghetti for dinner the day before an exam, but I ran out of spaghetti the night before the calculus final. That's why I got a C.
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The fallacy of false cause is often known by its Latin name, post hoc, ergo propter hoc.
The fallacy of false cause is often known by its Latin name, post hoc, ergo propter hoc.
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What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? Because the crime-reduction policy I propose has worked successfully in New York, Houston, and New Orleans, we can be confident that it will work here as well.
What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? Because the crime-reduction policy I propose has worked successfully in New York, Houston, and New Orleans, we can be confident that it will work here as well.
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According to your textbook, the most important question to ask when assessing analogical reasoning is whether:
According to your textbook, the most important question to ask when assessing analogical reasoning is whether:
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According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Either we install metal detectors in the city schools or we just let the problem of school violence continue to grow.
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Either we install metal detectors in the city schools or we just let the problem of school violence continue to grow.
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The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we take my opponent's proposed education bill seriously? After all, he flunked out of high school.
The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we take my opponent's proposed education bill seriously? After all, he flunked out of high school.
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The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? As we have seen, the trend is for companies to reduce long-term research and development costs in order to increase short-term profits. Since so many companies are doing this, it must make good business sense.
The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? As we have seen, the trend is for companies to reduce long-term research and development costs in order to increase short-term profits. Since so many companies are doing this, it must make good business sense.
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The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we be so concerned about ethics in political campaigns when there are serious problems in the long-term stability of Social Security?
The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we be so concerned about ethics in political campaigns when there are serious problems in the long-term stability of Social Security?
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According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of which type of fallacy? Once we accept money from soft-drink companies for exclusive rights to sell their products in our high schools, it won't be long until businesses are deciding what courses should be taught and what teachers should be hired.
According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of which type of fallacy? Once we accept money from soft-drink companies for exclusive rights to sell their products in our high schools, it won't be long until businesses are deciding what courses should be taught and what teachers should be hired.
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Emotional appeal is often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action.
Emotional appeal is often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action.
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In persuasive speaking, it is usually appropriate to substitute emotional appeals for evidence and reasoning.
In persuasive speaking, it is usually appropriate to substitute emotional appeals for evidence and reasoning.
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Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to generate emotional appeal in a persuasive speech?
Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to generate emotional appeal in a persuasive speech?
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Identify and define the three types of credibility discussed in your textbook.
Identify and define the three types of credibility discussed in your textbook.
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What are three strategies discussed in your textbook for generating emotional appeal in a persuasive speech?
What are three strategies discussed in your textbook for generating emotional appeal in a persuasive speech?
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Study Notes
Persuasive Speaking and Audience
- Persuasive speaking aims to influence the beliefs or actions of listeners.
- Target audience refers to the specific portion of an audience that the speaker wants to persuade.
- Concentration on the target audience does not justify ignoring the remainder of the audience.
Types of Persuasive Questions
- Questions of fact focus on what is true or false and the goal is to change beliefs.
- Questions of value involve judgments about what is right or wrong; justification against standards is necessary.
- Questions of policy address whether specific actions should be taken.
Specific Purpose Statements
- A specific purpose statement clarifies the intended outcome of a persuasive speech.
- Example for question of fact: "To persuade my audience that eating yogurt prolongs human life."
- Example for question of value: "To persuade my audience that discrimination based on marital status is unfair."
- Example for question of policy: "To persuade my audience that Congress should revise the laws governing medical malpractice."
Structure and Organization
- Topical order is typically used for persuasive speeches on questions of value.
- Problem-solution order addresses an issue and proposes resolutions.
- Monroe's motivated sequence is a five-step method designed to lead audiences toward action (Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, Action).
Credibility and Evidence
- Credibility (ethos) reflects the audience's perception of how trustworthy a speaker is, influenced by their competence and character.
- Strong evidence enhances credibility and increase the persuasiveness of speeches.
- Specific evidence is generally more persuasive than vague information.
Reasoning and Logical Fallacies
- Reasoning from specific instances makes conclusions based on particular cases (e.g., academic fraud in basketball).
- Errors in reasoning, such as hasty generalization and false cause, undermine arguments.
- Fallacies include ad hominem (attacking the speaker), bandwagon (following the majority), and slippery slope (assuming one action leads to a chain of events).
Emotional Appeal
- Emotional appeal (pathos) is vital for persuading an audience to take action.
- Emotional language and sincere delivery can enhance connection and impact.
- Three strategies for generating emotional appeal: use emotional language, develop vivid examples, and speak sincerely.
Credibility Types
- Initial credibility is the perception before speaking.
- Derived credibility is gained through the speech content.
- Terminal credibility is the audience's perception at the end of the speech.
Summary
- Effective persuasive speaking blends knowledge of the topic with understanding the audience's beliefs and values.
- Anticipating listener objections and addressing them is a crucial part of the persuasive process.
- Emotional and logical appeals must be balanced for maximum impact.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamentals of persuasive speaking, focusing on the importance of understanding the target audience. It delves into different types of persuasive questions and provides examples of specific purpose statements that clarify the goal of a persuasive speech.
