Personality Psychology Chapter 3
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Questions and Answers

According to Gordon Allport, what is a component of personality?

  • Only environmental influences
  • Only psychological characteristics
  • Inherited traits from ancestors
  • A unique combination of physical and psychological traits (correct)

    • Endocrine glands have no effect on an individual's personality.

    False

    What term is used to describe characteristics inherited from parents?

    Heredity

    An individual's personality can be influenced by __________, which includes friends and classmates.

    <p>peer group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the factor to its influence on personality:

    <p>Heredity = Inherited characteristics Endocrine glands = Hormonal influence Family = Initial environment Peer group = Social influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor in shaping personality?

    <p>Agency of the economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Childhood experiences do not contribute to an individual's personality development.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one hormone that, if oversecreted, can lead to personality issues such as irritability.

    <p>Thyroxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a cardinal trait?

    <p>Truthfulness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An ambivert is someone who is purely an introvert.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three basic categories of traits identified by Gordon Allport?

    <p>Cardinal, Central, and Secondary traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The individual known for the cardinal trait of humanitarianism was _________.

    <p>Mother Teresa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the trait type with its description:

    <p>Cardinal Trait = Dominates entire personality Central Trait = General characteristics of personality Secondary Trait = Appears in specific situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is considered a central trait?

    <p>Self-confidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carl Jung defined personality types based only on intelligence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe what characterizes secondary traits.

    <p>Secondary traits are narrow in effect and appear only in specific situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT influence personality?

    <p>Astrological signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beauty is a key determinant of personality according to psychology.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Latin word 'persona' mean in the context of personality?

    <p>mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ perspective studies personality through the lens of unconscious motivations.

    <p>Psychoanalytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following personality perspectives with their focus:

    <p>Psychoanalytic Perspective = Unconscious motivations Humanistic Perspective = Self-actualization Trait Perspective = Stable characteristics Social Cognitive Perspective = Interactions with environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a measure of personality assessment?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peer groups have a minimal impact on personality development.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one factor that can shape an individual’s personality.

    <p>Family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait defines individuals with high neuroticism?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A structured interview involves predetermined questions and sequence.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one method used in behavioral analysis techniques.

    <p>Interview</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People with low neuroticism are described as being ______.

    <p>balanced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of interview with its description:

    <p>Structured interview = Predefined questions and order Unstructured interview = Flexible questions based on responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interview is typically used by industrial psychologists?

    <p>Structured interview</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low neuroticism is characterized by traits such as fearfulness and impulsivity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of individuals with high neuroticism?

    <p>Irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is associated with a high appreciation for art and creativity?

    <p>Openness to experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People with high conscientiousness are typically unorganized and irresponsible.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trait is characterized by a tendency to experience negative emotions?

    <p>Neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People who are _____ are typically talkative, enthusiastic, and sociable.

    <p>extroverted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following traits with their respective descriptions:

    <p>Openness to experience = Creativity and curiosity Conscientiousness = Self-discipline and organization Extroversion = Sociability and enthusiasm Agreeableness = Concern for social harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is characterized by being cooperative and caring?

    <p>Agreeableness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals low in neuroticism tend to experience more negative emotions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the five major factors of the Big Five personality model.

    <p>Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Personality

    • Personality refers to the characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that define an individual across their life.
    • It is a broader concept than just physical appearance and incorporates an individual's character and temperament.

    Definitions of Personality

    • The term "personality" originates from the Latin word "persona," meaning "mask," which relates to the behavior projected in social contexts.
    • Norman Munn defines personality as a unique combination of physical traits, needs, interests, and abilities.
    • Gordon Allport describes personality as the dynamic organization of psychophysical systems that dictate unique environmental adjustments.

    Factors Shaping Personality

    • Multiple factors influence personality, often interacting intricately:
      • Heredity: Characteristics inherited from parents affecting both physical and mental traits.
      • Endocrine Glands: Hormonal imbalances can lead to personality changes; for example, Thyroxin overproduction may cause irritability.
      • Family: An essential social unit; influences personality development, identifying introverts and extroverts.
      • Peer Group: Friends' characteristics and behaviors shape social interactions and self-perception.
      • School: Educational environment fosters growth and social development.
      • Mass Media: Influences attitudes, ideologies, and behaviors through exposure to content.
      • Culture: The shared values and practices in a community affect behavior and personality traits.

    Perspectives of Studying Personality

    • Psychoanalytic Perspective: Focuses on unconscious motives and conflicts.
    • Humanistic Perspective: Emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.
    • Trait Perspective: Observes consistent traits that predict behavior.
    • Type Perspective: Classifies individuals into distinct personality types.
    • Social Cognitive Perspective: Examines how personal beliefs and environmental factors shape personality.

    Trait Theory by Gordon Allport

    • Identified 18,000 terms to categorize personality traits, refining them into three main types:
      • Cardinal Traits: Dominant traits defining an individual (e.g., truthfulness in Gandhi).
      • Central Traits: Core traits forming a person's basic personality (e.g., sensitivity).
      • Secondary Traits: Traits that emerge in specific situations (e.g., anxiety when public speaking).

    Big Five Personality Model (OCEAN)

    • Developed by Robert McCrae and Paul Costa, focusing on five major traits:
      • Openness to Experience: Creativity and curiosity.
      • Conscientiousness: Organization and dependability.
      • Extroversion: Sociability and enthusiasm.
      • Agreeableness: Kindness and cooperation.
      • Neuroticism: Tendency to experience negative emotions.

    Measurement of Personality

    • Various methods are employed to assess personality, including:
      • Behavioral Analysis: Observational techniques, interviews, and behavioral assessments.
        • Interview Types:
          • Structured Interview: Predefined questions and sequence, often used in professional contexts.
          • Unstructured Interview: Flexible questioning, yielding detailed personality insights, preferred in therapeutic settings.

    Learning Objectives

    • Understand the concept of personality and its implications.
    • Evaluate the influence of various factors on personality.
    • Analyze different theoretical approaches to studying personality.
    • Describe methods for measuring personality effectively.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in personality psychology, including definitions, factors influencing personality, and various perspectives for studying personality. Explore the impact of heredity, family, culture, and more, as well as methods for measuring personality traits and observations.

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