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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of complex construct systems as people age?
What is a characteristic of complex construct systems as people age?
How does avoidance behavior relate to anxiety in the context of construct systems?
How does avoidance behavior relate to anxiety in the context of construct systems?
What is the primary goal of Fixed-Role Therapy?
What is the primary goal of Fixed-Role Therapy?
What happens when individuals force others to conform to their construct systems?
What happens when individuals force others to conform to their construct systems?
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Which statement best describes the relationship between constructs and communication?
Which statement best describes the relationship between constructs and communication?
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What happens when our constructs are invalidated?
What happens when our constructs are invalidated?
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What is the primary distinction between anxiety, fear, and threat according to cognitive theory?
What is the primary distinction between anxiety, fear, and threat according to cognitive theory?
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How might someone broaden their construct when faced with anxiety?
How might someone broaden their construct when faced with anxiety?
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Which statement best represents why individuals prefer things that meet their expectations?
Which statement best represents why individuals prefer things that meet their expectations?
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What is a potential interpersonal consequence of having rigid constructs?
What is a potential interpersonal consequence of having rigid constructs?
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Which type of construct is characterized by not having words to express it and is learned before developing language?
Which type of construct is characterized by not having words to express it and is learned before developing language?
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What does the role construct repertory test primarily assess?
What does the role construct repertory test primarily assess?
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Understanding someone's constructs provides insight into which of the following?
Understanding someone's constructs provides insight into which of the following?
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What is the primary consequence of being aware of common constructs in communication?
What is the primary consequence of being aware of common constructs in communication?
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Which of the following best describes a submerged construct?
Which of the following best describes a submerged construct?
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How is the range of convenience of a construct determined?
How is the range of convenience of a construct determined?
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Which of the following characteristics defines core constructs?
Which of the following characteristics defines core constructs?
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What does the contrast pole in a construct help to identify?
What does the contrast pole in a construct help to identify?
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Study Notes
Personality Psychology - Chapter 11: Cognitive Theory
- Kelly's theory views people as "person-as-scientist," actively exploring and interpreting their world. Constructs are used to interpret and understand the world.
- George Kelly's theory is different from other theories in that it considers the whole person, unlike biological or behavioral theories. It emphasizes personal constructs - internal schemas that shape how individuals interpret and understand their experiences.
- Kelly's theory is pragmatic and focuses on how understanding works in practice
- Key concepts for understanding: constructs, which are used to anticipate, interpret and organize the world
- Personality is structured by a construct system, which are elements of knowledge used to interpret the world
- Constructs are based on observing patterns, and people anticipate events subconsciously based on these patterns.
- Three elements form a construct: two similar elements and one different.
Cognitive Theory Structure
- Constructs are organized into a system. Some are more central (core constructs) while others are less central and can be changed more easily (peripheral constructs).
- Constructs are arranged hierarchically and interrelated.
- Understanding constructs requires understanding the individual's vantage point of view.
Interpersonal Consequences of Constructs
- Understanding how people perceive others plays a role in communication
- Individuals develop different perspectives and hold varying aspects of constructs.
- Shared constructs can aid communication and improve understanding.
Types of Constructs
- Some constructs are verbal, while others are preverbal (expressed before language development).
- Constructs can be more or less central to a person's understanding (core or peripheral).
- Constructs are organized into a system with varying levels of influence and flexibility.
Cognitive Theory Assessment
- The Role Construct Repertory Test (Rep Test) is used in cognitive assessment.
- The Rep Test involves rating individuals against each other using various attributes.
- It identifies the constructs that shape an individual’s experience.
Cognitive Theory Process
- People are actively motivated to anticipate events
- Anticipating events shapes thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
- Individuals' understanding of the world becomes more refined over time
- People tend to favor constructs and interpretations, even if these interpretations seem somewhat unusual or counter to expectations.
Cognitive Theory - More Process
- Anxiety is caused by experiences that don't align with a person's existing construct system.
- Constructs that don't work well can lead to anxiety.
- Some individuals focus on details (narrow) to define a construct, while others broaden their constructs.
- Fears stem from new constructs that may challenge established understandings.
- Threats are associated with significant changes to core constructs.
Cognitive Theory - Growth and Development
- Construct systems develop more complexity with age.
- Empathy is developed as individuals gain the capacity to understand other's constructs.
- Education can foster more complex, adaptive, and flexible construct systems.
Cognitive Theory - Psychopathology
- Psychopathology results from dysfunctional construct systems.
- A lack of flexibility or the failure to update constructs leads to problems with relating to the world.
- Individuals sometimes avoid experiences or situations that challenge their constructs.
- Maintaining existing constructs, despite contradictory evidence, can be a hallmark of some types of psychological issues.
Cognitive Theory - Treatment/Change
- Fixed-Role Therapy aims to improve construct systems by providing new roles and experiences for the client to explore.
- This allows clients to practice new ways of responding in different situations.
- Therapy can work on restructuring an individual's constructs from a more helpful perspective
- Treatment is directed at the individual's constructs, how they work, and how those constructs fit together.
Cognitive Theory - Scientific Observation
- The theory is evaluated based on its use for observation, systematic evaluation, testability, comprehensive understanding, and applicability.
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Description
Explore George Kelly's cognitive theory in this quiz, which presents individuals as active interpreters of their world. Learn about the crucial concept of personal constructs and how they shape our understanding and anticipation of experiences. Dive into the elements and application of this pragmatic approach to personality.
