Personality Disorders Lecture Fall 2024
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Questions and Answers

What is a defining characteristic of personality disorders?

  • They are easily recognized by the individual.
  • They are deeply ingrained patterns of behavior since adolescence. (correct)
  • They are common and accepted in social contexts.
  • They emerge in early adulthood.

    • Which personality disorder is more frequently diagnosed in women?

  • Borderline Personality Disorder (correct)
  • Schizotypal Personality Disorder
  • Antisocial Personality Disorder
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder

    • What is a common risk factor associated with the development of personality disorders?

  • Childhood neglect and abuse (correct)
  • Attending regular therapy sessions in childhood
  • Success in academic performance
  • Family history of anxiety disorders

    • Which of the following personality disorders is characterized by general distrust or suspiciousness?

    <p>Paranoid Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the general population is estimated to qualify for a personality disorder?

    <p>10-20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by dramatic and acting out behaviors?

    <p>Cluster B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cluster of personality disorders includes Antisocial and Histrionic disorders?

    <p>Cluster B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to psychoanalytic theory, how do personality disorders develop?

    <p>From a failure to adapt and develop appropriately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable trait of individuals with Schizoid Personality Disorder?

    <p>Enjoying solitary activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Paranoid Personality Disorder?

    <p>Desire for intimacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common element found in individuals with personality disorders?

    <p>Poor relationships with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by extreme behavioral patterns and poor social relationships?

    <p>Narcissistic Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder might involve peculiar behavior and magical beliefs?

    <p>Schizotypal Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the personality disorders in Cluster A generally described?

    <p>Odd or eccentric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Schizoid and Avoidant Personality Disorders is incorrect?

    <p>Schizoid PD is characterized by high emotional expressivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emotional response seen in Schizotypal Personality Disorder compared to Schizoid Personality Disorder?

    <p>Magical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) compared to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

    <p>Emphasizing mindfulness and interpersonal effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is specifically indicated for a highly emotionally labile patient with Borderline Personality Disorder?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Family Counseling, which of the following best describes the nature of the therapy?

    <p>Counseling involving the entire family or group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the activity mentioned in the content?

    <p>To improve memorization of traits unique to different personality disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is potentially used for a depressed patient with a Cluster B Personality Disorder?

    <p>Antidepressants, specifically SSRIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is NOT included in the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing personality disorders?

    <p>Behavior is universally accepted by culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic tool is specifically noted for having more research backing it for diagnosing personality disorders?

    <p>Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge in diagnosing personality disorders?

    <p>Overlapping symptoms among different disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is treatment of personality disorders particularly challenging?

    <p>Behaviors are well-established and viewed as normal by the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of management for personality disorders?

    <p>Counseling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which additional diagnosis is commonly considered when examining personality disorders?

    <p>Mood Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) is characterized by which feature?

    <p>It's based on self-report with true/false questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly true regarding the clinical distress caused by personality disorders?

    <p>It leads to significant impairment in social or occupational areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality disorder is characterized by unstable but intense interpersonal relationships and high emotional lability?

    <p>Borderline Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavioral trait associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder?

    <p>Disregard for the rights of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Histrionic Personality Disorder?

    <p>Chronic feelings of emptiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is commonly associated with Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

    <p>Grandiosity and lack of empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prominent feature of Borderline Personality Disorder regarding relationships?

    <p>Intense fear of abandonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is indicative of Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

    <p>Manipulating those around them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by the use of sexuality to gain attention?

    <p>Histrionic Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with which personality disorder often have a hypersensitivity to evaluations by others?

    <p>Narcissistic Personality Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Personality Disorders

    • Personality disorders (PD) are ingrained patterns of behavior diverging from social norms, typically manifesting since adolescence.
    • Common characteristics include poor interpersonal relationships and lack of self-awareness regarding problematic behaviors.

    Epidemiology and Background

    • Affects 10-20% of the general population and 50% of psychiatric patients.
    • Some disorders, like Antisocial PD, are more common in men, while Borderline PD is more prevalent in women.
    • Risk factors include childhood neglect and genetic predispositions for certain PDs.

    Pathophysiology

    • Development of PDs is influenced by a combination of biological, temperamental, and social factors.
    • Psychoanalytic theory suggests that maladaptive development stages (e.g., attachment, early nurturing) contribute to PD formation.

    Classification of Personality Disorders

    • Divided into three clusters:
      • Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal (Odd/Eccentric)
      • Cluster B: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic (Dramatic/Emotional)
      • Cluster C: Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive (Anxious/Fearful)

    Cluster A Disorders

    • Paranoid PD: Distrustful of others, holds grudges, perceives unfair treatment, struggles with intimacy.
    • Schizoid PD: Prefers solitude, lacks emotional expression, and has difficulty forming relationships.
    • Schizotypal PD: Characterized by peculiar thoughts, odd behaviors, and unusual perceptual experiences.

    Cluster B Disorders

    • Antisocial PD: Involves chronic disregard for others' rights, impulsivity, and often begins with Conduct Disorder in youth.
    • Borderline PD: Features unstable relationships, intense emotional swings, self-image issues, and a high risk of suicide (10% completion rate).
    • Histrionic PD: Seeks attention through emotionality and often fails in relational contexts due to their extreme need for involvement.
    • Narcissistic PD: Characterized by grandiosity, manipulation of others, lack of empathy, and a fragile self-esteem sensitive to criticism.

    Diagnosis

    • Based on DSM-5 criteria, focusing on inflexible behavior patterns that cause distress, abnormality in cultural context, and origins tracing back to adolescence.
    • Tools for diagnosis include:
      • Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI): Self-reported, 344 true/false questions.
      • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI): Well-researched, 576 true/false questions for diagnostic aid.

    Differential Diagnosis

    • Overlapping symptoms can complicate diagnosis; co-occurrence with mood or anxiety disorders and substance abuse is common.

    Management Strategies

    • Primary approach is counseling (individual and family).
    • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) focuses on altering thoughts to improve mood/behavior.
    • Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) highlights mindfulness and emotional regulation, originally developed for Borderline PD but useful for others.
    • Medication may assist specific symptoms:
      • Antipsychotics for Cluster A
      • SSRIs for depressed patients with Cluster B
      • Lithium for emotionally unstable patients with Borderline PD
      • SSRIs for anxiety in Cluster C patients.

    Key Focus Areas in Understanding PDs

    • The complexity of diagnosing and managing PDs due to overlapping symptoms.
    • Emphasis on ongoing counseling and appropriate therapeutic approaches tailored to individual disorder characteristics.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the key aspects of personality disorders, including their epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology. Students will also assess clinical presentations and learn about diagnostic and treatment strategies relevant to personality disorders. Prepare to deepen your understanding of these complex conditions.

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