Personality Disorders ppt

Personality Disorders Overview

• Ten identified personality disorders: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal, Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic, Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD).
• Around 9% of adults in the U.S. qualify for a personality disorder.
• Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is predominantly found in males, while Borderline, Histrionic, and Dependent Personality Disorders are more common in females.
• Symptoms generally surface by adolescence or early adulthood.

Epidemiology

• Higher rates of substance abuse and smoking observed in individuals with personality disorders.
• Personality disorders often disrupt personal, social, and professional relationships.
• Associated with dysfunctional self-perceptions and perceptions of others.

Etiology

• Psychoanalysts attribute personality disorders to early trauma and halted sexual development.
• Research links early childhood trauma and abuse to Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorders.
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder has genetic ties, possibly linked to schizophrenia.
• Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorders exhibit significant genetic components.

DSM-5 Definition

• Defined as enduring behavioral patterns deviating from cultural expectations, beginning in adolescence or early adulthood, stable over time, leading to distress or impairment.
• Personality disorders are categorized into three clusters based on shared characteristics.

Diagnosing Personality Disorders

• Requires time and familiarity with the patient’s relationships and reactions.
• Involves obtaining insights from family and friends.
• Clinicians must distinguish between traits, other psychiatric disorders, and medical conditions while avoiding stigma.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

• Characterized by long-standing distrust and suspicion of others.
• Individuals perceive motives of others as malevolent and maintain a rigid, guarded demeanor.
• Management focuses on empathy, detailed care plans, and maintaining patient autonomy.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

• Marked by emotional detachment and avoidance of close relationships.
• Preference for solitary activities over social interactions.
• Management includes respecting privacy and fostering daily routines.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

• Defines behaviors as odd and eccentric, with social ineptness and paranoia.
• Cognitive distortions can manifest, including magical thinking and odd beliefs.
• Management entails education about the disorder and refraining from over-involvement.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

• Exhibits disregard for the rights of others, impulsivity, and manipulative behaviors.
• Diagnosis requires a history of conduct disorder prior to age 18.
• Management includes clear communication and setting boundaries without punitive measures.

Borderline Personality Disorder

• Instability in self-image, relationships, and emotions; fear of abandonment is prevalent.
• Self-destructive behaviors are common, alongside rapid mood shifts.
• Management involves maintaining professional distance while addressing outbursts and ensuring patient safety.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

• Noted for excessive need for attention and emotional theatricality.
• Management includes a respectful approach focusing on objective issues without fostering familiarity.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

• Exhibits grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
• Management involves validating concerns while steering treatment towards acknowledging and addressing underlying insecurities.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

• Characterized by extreme anxiety in social settings and hypersensitivity to perceptions of others.
• Management includes reassurance and encouragement to express concerns.

Dependent Personality Disorder

• Defined by an overwhelming need to be taken care of and fear of separation.
• Management focuses on providing consistent support while establishing realistic limits.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

• Preoccupation with order, perfectionism, and control, often at the expense of adaptability and leisure.
• Management involves thorough explanations of treatment and fostering equal partnership in care decisions.

General Considerations for Personality Disorders

• Personality disorders may coexist with depression and anxiety.
• Severe cases may lead to psychotic breakdowns requiring hospitalization.
• Various management strategies include pharmaceutical options such as SSRIs, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers, but should be applied judiciously.