Podcast
Questions and Answers
What did Eyesenck & Eyesenck's research suggest about the personality traits of criminals?
What did Eyesenck & Eyesenck's research suggest about the personality traits of criminals?
- Criminals scored lower on Neuroticism.
- Criminals score higher than average on Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism. (correct)
- Criminal traits include high levels of agreeableness.
- Personality traits are unrelated to criminal behavior.
What finding contradicted some of Eysenck's theory predictions according to Bartol & Holanchock (1979)?
What finding contradicted some of Eysenck's theory predictions according to Bartol & Holanchock (1979)?
- Offenders had higher Extraversion scores.
- Extraversion scores in Hispanic and African-American offenders were lower than controls. (correct)
- There was no difference in personality traits between offenders and non-offenders.
- Criminals showed higher levels of Psychoticism.
According to Palmer & Hollin (1998), how does moral reasoning differ between convicted offenders and non-offenders?
According to Palmer & Hollin (1998), how does moral reasoning differ between convicted offenders and non-offenders?
- Convicted offenders demonstrated less mature moral reasoning. (correct)
- Convicted offenders showed more mature moral reasoning.
- There is no difference in moral reasoning between the two groups.
- Non-offenders had lower levels of moral reasoning than offenders.
What link did Langdon et al (2010) identify in their research related to intelligence and criminality?
What link did Langdon et al (2010) identify in their research related to intelligence and criminality?
What does Sutherland's Differential Association Theory propose about criminal behavior?
What does Sutherland's Differential Association Theory propose about criminal behavior?
What was a major finding from Goring's 2013 study on offenders?
What was a major finding from Goring's 2013 study on offenders?
How did Blackburn (1993) explain the potential cause of criminal behavior?
How did Blackburn (1993) explain the potential cause of criminal behavior?
What critical data regarding offenders was found by Schonberg & Justye (2014)?
What critical data regarding offenders was found by Schonberg & Justye (2014)?
What did Lombroso's 'born criminal' theory suggest about criminals?
What did Lombroso's 'born criminal' theory suggest about criminals?
Which researcher found no significant physical differences between offenders and non-offenders?
Which researcher found no significant physical differences between offenders and non-offenders?
According to Bartol & Holanchock (1979), which trait was found to be lower in Hispanic and African-American offenders compared to controls?
According to Bartol & Holanchock (1979), which trait was found to be lower in Hispanic and African-American offenders compared to controls?
What is a critical idea in Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning applicable to understanding offender behavior?
What is a critical idea in Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning applicable to understanding offender behavior?
Which theory suggests that criminal behavior is learned through knowing others?
Which theory suggests that criminal behavior is learned through knowing others?
What did Langdon et al (2010) suggest about the relationship between intelligence and criminal behavior?
What did Langdon et al (2010) suggest about the relationship between intelligence and criminal behavior?
What aspect is central to Eyesenck's theory of criminal personality?
What aspect is central to Eyesenck's theory of criminal personality?
What did Blackburn (1993) suggest about the superego in relation to criminal behavior?
What did Blackburn (1993) suggest about the superego in relation to criminal behavior?
Flashcards
Differential Association Theory
Differential Association Theory
A theory suggesting that individuals learn criminal behavior through interactions with others who engage in criminal activities.
Criminal Personality Theory
Criminal Personality Theory
Proposed by Hans Eysenck, this theory suggests that certain personality traits, particularly high levels of extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism, are associated with increased risk of criminal behavior.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Reasoning
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Reasoning
A stage theory of moral development that outlines different levels of moral reasoning, ranging from pre-conventional to post-conventional.
Moral Reasoning in Offenders
Moral Reasoning in Offenders
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Superego Theory of Crime
Superego Theory of Crime
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Intelligence and Criminality
Intelligence and Criminality
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Lombroso's 'Born Criminal' Theory
Lombroso's 'Born Criminal' Theory
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Empathy in Criminal Behavior
Empathy in Criminal Behavior
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Study Notes
Personality and Criminal Behavior
- Eysenck & Eysenck (1977): Found that prisoners on average scored higher on Eysenck Personality Questionnaire dimensions (Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism) compared to controls.
- Bartol & Holanchock (1979): Their study of Hispanic and African-American offenders found lower extraversion scores compared to control groups, contradicting some of Eysenck's predictions
- Schonberg & Justye (2014): Offenders perceived expressionless faces as more aggressive than non-offenders, which could impact perceptions of criminal behavior.
- Palmer & Hollin (1998): Convicted offenders showed less mature moral reasoning than non-offenders in a study comparing 11 moral dilemmas.
- Langdon et al (2010): Lower intelligence may be linked to an increased risk of criminal behavior.
Theories of Criminal Behavior
- Eyesenck's theory of criminal personality proposes consistent characteristics in offenders.
- Sutherland's Differential Association Theory posits that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others.
- Lombroso's "born criminal" theory suggested physical traits linked to criminal tendencies, a theory generally rejected by later studies.
- Goring (2013): Found no significant physical differences between 3,000 offenders and 3,000 non-offenders, contradicting Lombroso's work. Also found a negative correlation between intelligence and crime.
- Keyser et al (2011): Criminals may consciously regulate empathy.
Other Factors
- Hollin et al (2002): Found that a less developed stage of moral reasoning is common in offenders.
- Blackburn (1993): Proposed that offenders may have a weak superego, linked to inappropriate moral judgment
- Farringdon (Study): A longitudinal study focused on working-class boys, and concluded that familial links may influence criminal behaviour. The data revealed that 41% of the boys were convicted of an offence.
- Kohlberg (1976): Developed stages of moral reasoning, which is crucial for understanding offenders' behaviors.
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