Personal Law II: Christian, Parsi, and Jewish Law

<p>It is accepted based on customary law by the legal system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jews (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the third-largest community. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establish and refine personal laws based on history. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mumbai and nearby areas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To seek exemption from the new law. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bene Israel Jews (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By forming their own communities and synagogues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After the fall of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arriving as traders in Kerala. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shipwreck while fleeing persecution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baghdadi Jews (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A formal act or formality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presenting money or an object of value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Be thou consecrated to me (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only through an act of divorce or death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutual agreement, enforced by the wife, enforced by the husband, and court-enforced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They validate the consent legally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Pentateuch and Conciliation Committees (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They did not raise any objections to its application. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Succession where the deceased had no will before death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Indian Succession Act, 1925 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judicial Precedents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bombay High Court (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Community customs and traditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divorce and alimony (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish personal law for matrimonial matters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It codifies customary practices and introduces new rules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A native Indian who practices Christianity. (B), A person who professes Christianity and has undergone baptism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a framework for Christian marriage solemnization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was codified after the Indian Christian Marriage Act. (A), It allows divorce by mutual consent only since 2001. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allowed divorce by mutual consent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kanyakumari district and Schencuttah taluk. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must also profess Christianity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide solutions when legislation is insufficient. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must be admitted to the Parsi religion and profess the Zoroastrian faith. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parties are related by consanguinity or affinity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>21 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The child is considered legitimate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A certificate must be issued by the officiating priest. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple imprisonment for up to six months. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incompatibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must have two Parsi witnesses present. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A set of laws specifically governing the personal matters (e.g., marriage, divorce, inheritance) of Christians in India.

A set of laws governing the personal affairs, including marriage and inheritance, of Parsis in India.

Laws regulating the personal lives of Jewish individuals in India within their community's customs.

Traditions and customs followed by religious groups in personal matters, recognized by the Indian legal system.

A legal system combining principles of personal law and general law.

Court rulings used as guidelines for future similar cases.

Christians are largely present in Goa, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland.

Parsis are mostly concentrated in Mumbai and surrounding Maharashtra areas.

A formal agreement to marry, requiring a specific act or formality to be legally recognized. Two main methods are ‘Kaseph’ (money) and ‘Sh’tar’ (written instrument).

A method of Jewish betrothal where the man gives the woman a sum of money or an object of equal value in the presence of two Jewish witnesses while stating an intention to marry.

Jewish betrothal requires two Jewish witnesses to be present during the ‘Kaseph Kiddushim’ ceremony for it to be valid.

Jewish betrothal or marriage can only be dissolved through death or a formal bill of divorcement.

Jewish law recognizes divorce, with four types: mutual agreement, husband's petition, wife's petition, and court-enforced.

A legal document required for divorce in Judaism, written by the person initiating the divorce and given to the person seeking divorce.

Jewish customary practices for inheritance are based on the ‘Pentateuch’ and settlements' Conciliation Committees.

The Indian Succession Act 1925, which codified laws on inheritance, was applied to Jews without any objection from them.

The Jewish community in India can be divided into three groups: Cochin Jews, Bene Israel Jews, and Baghdadi Jews, each arriving at different times and settling in specific regions.

The Pentateuch refers to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, which hold significant religious and legal authority within the Jewish faith.

The origins of Jews in India are uncertain, but some believe they may have arrived as emissaries from King Solomon's court or migrated during the Roman Empire's persecution.

Synagogues are places of meeting and prayer for Jewish communities. They serve as centers for religious practice, study, and community gatherings.

The Bene Israel community, the largest Jewish group in India, believes their ancestors were shipwrecked on India's shores while fleeing persecution during the second century B.C.

The British Government granted exemptions from new laws to the Jewish community, allowing them to follow their customs based on the Pentateuch instead.

Jewish communities in India follow customs like observing Sabbath, circumcision, and reading the Holy Bible. They established their own communities and places of worship.

Jewish personal law governs matters such as marriage, divorce, and inheritance within the Jewish community in India.

The law in India that governs the marriage ceremonies and requirements for individuals professing the Christian faith.

It includes both native Indians who converted to Christianity and regular converts based on their faith.

Being baptized and actively practicing Christianity according to its traditions.

The law in India that governs divorce procedures for Christians.

Significant as it introduced divorce by mutual consent for Christians.

The process of creating a written set of rules and regulations for personal matters like marriage and divorce.

Legislation helps to organize customary practices and establish new rules for personal matters.

Parsis can adopt children through customary practice or under the Juvenile Justice Act of 2000.

Inheritance laws for Parsis without a will, governed by Chapter III of the Indian Succession Act.

No specific Indian legislation for Jewish marriages, relying on customs and judicial precedents.

Court decisions have shaped Jewish law in India, establishing principles for marriage and divorce.

Divorce and alimony matters are handled by courts applying Jewish law with adaptations for justice.

Bombay High Court judgments have significantly shaped Jewish law in India, setting standards for marriage and divorce.

Jewish law determines the validity, nature, and reliefs of a marriage, with courts considering community customs.

Jewish community customs are consulted by courts before ruling on disputes, ensuring adherence to traditions.

Children of a Parsi father and a non-Parsi mother are considered Parsi if they embrace the Zoroastrian faith. However, children of a Parsi mother & non-Parsi father are not Parsi. This decision was made by the Bombay High Court in the case of Sir Dinshaw Maneckji v. Sir Jamshedji.

A Parsi marriage is invalid if the couple is related in any way (blood or marriage), the ceremony isn't performed by a Parsi priest with two witnesses, or the groom is under 21 years old and the bride is under 18 years old.

A Parsi marriage must be solemnized with the "Ashirvad" ceremony conducted by a Parsi priest in the presence of two Parsi witnesses.

After a Parsi marriage ceremony, the priest must issue a certificate signed by him, the couple, and the two witnesses. This certificate needs to be sent to the Registrar of the marriage location.

A child born from a marriage that is not considered valid under Parsi law is still considered legitimate due to the provisions of the Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act.

If a priest knowingly violates the requirements for a legal Parsi marriage, they face a penalty of up to six months in prison, a fine, or both.

The Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act specifies ten grounds for divorce.

The officiating priest is required to send the marriage certificate along with a fee to the Registrar of the place where the marriage was solemnized.