Podcast
Questions and Answers
The physical and chemical process of making straight hair curly is called?
The physical and chemical process of making straight hair curly is called?
perming
The main ingredient found in an acid wave is?
The main ingredient found in an acid wave is?
glycerol monothioglycolate
Thioglycolic acid and ammonia are used to formulate?
Thioglycolic acid and ammonia are used to formulate?
alkaline wave solution
The chemical phase of perm involves all of the following EXCEPT: a. applying neutralizer b. applying perm solution c. wrapping hair around perm tool d. rinsing the perm solution from the hair. Which one is EXCEPT?
The chemical phase of perm involves all of the following EXCEPT: a. applying neutralizer b. applying perm solution c. wrapping hair around perm tool d. rinsing the perm solution from the hair. Which one is EXCEPT?
The two basic methods of wrapping hair around a tool are?
The two basic methods of wrapping hair around a tool are?
Which technique uses one end paper folded in half?
Which technique uses one end paper folded in half?
What type of rods produce curls or waves that are uniform throughout the hair strand?
What type of rods produce curls or waves that are uniform throughout the hair strand?
Large diameter rods DO NOT produce which of the following results?
Large diameter rods DO NOT produce which of the following results?
The base is the area between two?
The base is the area between two?
Water left in the end papers after rinsing solution will?
Water left in the end papers after rinsing solution will?
The four basic tool positions are on base, half-off base, underdirected and?
The four basic tool positions are on base, half-off base, underdirected and?
With an underdirected tool position, the base size is at least how many times the diameter of the tool?
With an underdirected tool position, the base size is at least how many times the diameter of the tool?
The rectangle wrap is also called?
The rectangle wrap is also called?
Which of the following patterns positions tools is a staggered configuration?
Which of the following patterns positions tools is a staggered configuration?
The drop crown wrap is also known as?
The drop crown wrap is also known as?
Strong disulfide bonds are found in which layer of the hair?
Strong disulfide bonds are found in which layer of the hair?
Disulfide bond aka?
Disulfide bond aka?
What element do most acid waves use along with tension and waving lotion to process hair?
What element do most acid waves use along with tension and waving lotion to process hair?
What form does a positive test curl take during processing?
What form does a positive test curl take during processing?
Which waving solution is not recommended for porous or damaged hair?
Which waving solution is not recommended for porous or damaged hair?
Alkaline waves carry a pH of?
Alkaline waves carry a pH of?
Neutralizer pH ranges from?
Neutralizer pH ranges from?
What product rebonds and restores the disulfide bonds?
What product rebonds and restores the disulfide bonds?
Hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate or sodium bromate are commonly used in?
Hydrogen peroxide, sodium perborate or sodium bromate are commonly used in?
Which waving solution processes without heat?
Which waving solution processes without heat?
Potassium is not found in?
Potassium is not found in?
Hair should be wrapped without tension when using?
Hair should be wrapped without tension when using?
It is essential to completely rinse the perm solution before applying the?
It is essential to completely rinse the perm solution before applying the?
What is the pH balance of 6.9 to 7.2?
What is the pH balance of 6.9 to 7.2?
Which waving solution processes the fastest because of a high pH?
Which waving solution processes the fastest because of a high pH?
Which waving solution causes minimal swelling and should be wrapped with firm and even tension?
Which waving solution causes minimal swelling and should be wrapped with firm and even tension?
Leaving on neutralizer too long will?
Leaving on neutralizer too long will?
Which type of waving solution is recommended for color-treated, highly porous or previously permed hair?
Which type of waving solution is recommended for color-treated, highly porous or previously permed hair?
The ability for hair to absorb moisture is called?
The ability for hair to absorb moisture is called?
Which of the following statements is not true about acid perms?
Which of the following statements is not true about acid perms?
The hair's ability to stretch and return to its original shape is called?
The hair's ability to stretch and return to its original shape is called?
Fine, medium or coarse is?
Fine, medium or coarse is?
The number of hair fibers per square inch of the scalp is called?
The number of hair fibers per square inch of the scalp is called?
What product is applied to the client's skin before a perm to protect the skin?
What product is applied to the client's skin before a perm to protect the skin?
What items determine the size and shape of the new curl configuration?
What items determine the size and shape of the new curl configuration?
If abrasion is present on the scalp?
If abrasion is present on the scalp?
Proper draping procedures involve all of the following except?
Proper draping procedures involve all of the following except?
Preliminary test curl helps to determine how a client's hair will react to a perm.
Preliminary test curl helps to determine how a client's hair will react to a perm.
This perm wrap pattern helps to avoid split ends?
This perm wrap pattern helps to avoid split ends?
Used on medium to long hair to achieve elongated curls?
Used on medium to long hair to achieve elongated curls?
Weak or limp curls can be caused by?
Weak or limp curls can be caused by?
Frizzy curls can result from?
Frizzy curls can result from?
Hair wound on the rods with too much tension can cause?
Hair wound on the rods with too much tension can cause?
When performing an alkaline wave on a client, thioglycolate is joined with what ingredient to create a waving solution?
When performing an alkaline wave on a client, thioglycolate is joined with what ingredient to create a waving solution?
To produce large curls, wave formations or body waves it is necessary to use?
To produce large curls, wave formations or body waves it is necessary to use?
With concave rods, the hair on both ends must travel farther than the hair in the center to make one complete turn around the rod, creating a?
With concave rods, the hair on both ends must travel farther than the hair in the center to make one complete turn around the rod, creating a?
In the perm procedure, proper end paper techniques will eliminate crimps or?
In the perm procedure, proper end paper techniques will eliminate crimps or?
The size of the base and the angle at which the hair is held while wrapping determines the tool position or?
The size of the base and the angle at which the hair is held while wrapping determines the tool position or?
To create more volume, which tool position should be used?
To create more volume, which tool position should be used?
On base control is not recommended for alkaline perms since expansion would be limited at the base and?
On base control is not recommended for alkaline perms since expansion would be limited at the base and?
Which tool position results in no curl at the scalp and a minimal degree of volume?
Which tool position results in no curl at the scalp and a minimal degree of volume?
Partial perms are designed to?
Partial perms are designed to?
In alkaline waves, the perm solution chemically softens and breaks the?
In alkaline waves, the perm solution chemically softens and breaks the?
Skipping rods when applying perm solution could cause?
Skipping rods when applying perm solution could cause?
Which of the following steps may be required when perming resistant hair?
Which of the following steps may be required when perming resistant hair?
A neutralizer's rebonds, restores and?
A neutralizer's rebonds, restores and?
The high alkalinity in cold waves causes the hair fiber to soften and?
The high alkalinity in cold waves causes the hair fiber to soften and?
Alkaline perms produce faster processing times and?
Alkaline perms produce faster processing times and?
The more porous the hair?
The more porous the hair?
To equalize the porosity of highly porous hair, it may be necessary to use what product?
To equalize the porosity of highly porous hair, it may be necessary to use what product?
Which of the following could describe what determines the processing time and proper perm solution?
Which of the following could describe what determines the processing time and proper perm solution?
Hair density does not always match?
Hair density does not always match?
What ingredient in color products could cause uneven curls, discoloration, and hair breakage?
What ingredient in color products could cause uneven curls, discoloration, and hair breakage?
When performing a metallic test, immerse at least 20 strands of hair in the prepared mixture for?
When performing a metallic test, immerse at least 20 strands of hair in the prepared mixture for?
Prior to performing a preliminary test curl, hair should be shampooed and?
Prior to performing a preliminary test curl, hair should be shampooed and?
After completing a service, it is important to update the client's?
After completing a service, it is important to update the client's?
Sodium hydroxide is aka?
Sodium hydroxide is aka?
A sodium hydroxide relaxer service should not be completed on?
A sodium hydroxide relaxer service should not be completed on?
If the hair has previously had ammonium thioglycolate, you should not apply?
If the hair has previously had ammonium thioglycolate, you should not apply?
Pull test is used on?
Pull test is used on?
What is the shape of a tightly curled follicle?
What is the shape of a tightly curled follicle?
What is the optimum percent of natural curl pattern to remove when relaxing?
What is the optimum percent of natural curl pattern to remove when relaxing?
The three methods of applying relaxers are brush, comb, and?
The three methods of applying relaxers are brush, comb, and?
How far away from the scalp should a virgin relaxer be applied?
How far away from the scalp should a virgin relaxer be applied?
An acid-balanced neutralizing shampoo or stabilizer is used after the hair is free of chemicals to?
An acid-balanced neutralizing shampoo or stabilizer is used after the hair is free of chemicals to?
What does the porosity of the hair affect when working with a chemical relaxer?
What does the porosity of the hair affect when working with a chemical relaxer?
What is used to protect the scalp from caustic chemicals?
What is used to protect the scalp from caustic chemicals?
Virgin thio relaxers may be performed after a?
Virgin thio relaxers may be performed after a?
What is the main ingredient found in rearrangers?
What is the main ingredient found in rearrangers?
During a curl reformation, what size parting should be used?
During a curl reformation, what size parting should be used?
When performing a curl reformation service, the rod diameter chosen should be at least?
When performing a curl reformation service, the rod diameter chosen should be at least?
Chemical rearrangers should not be applied to?
Chemical rearrangers should not be applied to?
Once the hair is completely wrapped during a curl reformation service, what is applied to ensure thorough saturation of the waving lotion?
Once the hair is completely wrapped during a curl reformation service, what is applied to ensure thorough saturation of the waving lotion?
The function of a curl activator is to provide moisture and?
The function of a curl activator is to provide moisture and?
Why should brushing the hair before any chemical services be avoided?
Why should brushing the hair before any chemical services be avoided?
If curl reforming is desired, cut off all hair previously treated with?
If curl reforming is desired, cut off all hair previously treated with?
Study Notes
Perming Basics
- Perming is the process of transforming straight hair into curly hair through physical and chemical means.
- The primary ingredient in acid waves is glycerol monothioglycolate, while alkaline waves use thioglycolic acid and ammonia in their formulation.
Perming Process
- Key steps in the chemical phase of perming exclude wrapping hair around the perm tool.
- Neutralizer is critical in the process, as it rebonds disulfide bonds and restores curl shape.
Wrapping Techniques
- Two main wrapping techniques are croquignole and spiral.
- Bookend technique uses a single end paper folded in half; bricklay pattern helps avoid split ends.
- The rectangle wrap is also known as the 9-block pattern.
Curl Formation
- Straight rods yield uniform curls, while large diameter rods do not produce firm curls.
- To create large curls or body waves, large diameter rods are necessary.
pH Levels and Solutions
- Alkaline waves have a pH of 8.0 to 9.5 and are not recommended for porous or damaged hair.
- Acid waves have a pH range of 6.9 to 7.2 and are suitable for color-treated or porous hair.
- Neutralizers typically range in pH from 2.5 to 7.0.
Hair Characteristics
- Hair's porosity affects its ability to absorb moisture and chemical agents.
- Density refers to the number of hair fibers per square inch of the scalp.
- Texture refers to the width of individual hair strands: fine, medium, or coarse.
Chemical Reactions
- Alkaline waves process without heat and create stronger curls, while acid waves require heat for processing.
- Over-processing can lead to frizzy curls, while under-processing can result in weak or limp curls.
Safety Precautions
- Avoid performing a perm on clients with scalp abrasions or who have previously used sodium hydroxide relaxers if they had ammonium thioglycolate.
- Use protective cream on the scalp before applying perm solutions to prevent irritation.
Testing and Processing
- A pull test assesses hair elasticity; a preliminary test curl helps determine the hair's reaction to perming.
- For resistant hair, longer processing times may be necessary.
Post-service Care
- Update client records after each service to keep track of treatment history and outcomes.
- Use acid-balanced neutralizing shampoos post-chemical treatments to re-harden hair.
Relaxing and Curl Reforming
- Sodium hydroxide relaxers (lye relaxers) should not be used on bleached hair.
- During curl reformation, the rod diameter chosen should be at least twice the size of the natural curl for optimal results.
- Curl activators provide moisture and help maintain the shape of newly formed curls.
Additional Tips
- Brushing hair before chemical services should be avoided to minimize irritation.
- Decorative curls can be achieved through proper rod size and wrapping techniques, ensuring the hair is evenly saturated during the process.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of perming, including the chemical processes involved and various wrapping techniques. Explore the pH levels and the types of curls produced by different rods to enhance your understanding of hair styling. Test your knowledge on the essential aspects of achieving beautiful curls.
