Chemical Texturizing Overview
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The 3 classifications of chemical texturizing are relaxing, curl reforming, and...?

  • Perming (correct)
  • Straightening
  • Coloring
  • None of the above

    • The physical and chemical process of making straight hair curly is called?

    Perming

    The croquignole method of wrapping was invented in...

    1926

    Heat waves that are self-timed and self-heated are called...?

    <p>Exothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To reform the hair and lower the pH in a perm procedure use a...?

    <p>Neutralizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main ingredient found in an acid wave is...?

    <p>Glycerol Monothiglycolate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Today's alkaline waves are formulated with...?

    <p>Thioglycolic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method of perming where you apply a plastic cap on the client's head and place her under a pre-heated dryer is...?

    <p>Endothermic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 2 major phases involved with permanent waving are...?

    <p>Physical and chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thioglycolic acid and ammonia are used to formulate...?

    <p>Ammonium Thioglycolate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of permanent waving includes applying the perm solution, rinsing the perm solution, and applying the neutralizer?

    <p>Chemical phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The overlap method of wrapping hair around a perm tool is called?

    <p>Croquignole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To achieve the desired curl formation, hair should wrap around the rod at least how many times?

    <p>2 and a half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 2 basic methods of wrapping hair around a tool are...?

    <p>Spiral and Croquignole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wrapping hair smoothly and evenly around the perm tool, using the appropriate tension will produce...?

    <p>Achieve the size and shape that is desired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique uses one end paper folded in half?

    <p>Bookend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rods produce curls or waves that are uniform throughout the hair strands?

    <p>Straight rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    End papers are important to control hair ends during the perming process and to...?

    <p>Keep hair smoothly wrapped around the perm rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the perm procedure, proper end paper techniques will eliminate crimps or...?

    <p>Fish hooks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Because it allows maximum control of tapered ends and avoids bunching at the ends, the most common end paper technique used is...?

    <p>Double-paper (double flat)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The base is the area between two...?

    <p>Partings for an individual perm rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water left in the end papers after rinsing the perm solution will...?

    <p>Dilute neutralizer and weaken curl formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What end paper technique incorporates several end papers positioned along the strand?

    <p>Cushion technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the base or parting is wider than a perm rod, the result will be...?

    <p>Uneven curl pattern that's wider at both ends than center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common base control for perming is...?

    <p>Half-off base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What size will create the strongest curl?

    <p>One-base size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To achieve maximum volume, which tool position should be used?

    <p>On-base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tool position used when only a minimum degree of volume is desired is the...?

    <p>Off-base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 4 basic tool positions are on the base, half-off base, under-directed, and...?

    <p>Off-base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rectangle wrap is also called the...?

    <p>9-block pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do most acid waves use along with tension and waving lotion process?

    <p>Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be permanently broken to change the hair from a straight to a curl state?

    <p>Strong disulfide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Strong disulfide bonds are found in which layer of the hair?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the stylist remove excess water from the hair before applying the neutralizer?

    <p>Blotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A smooth wrapping in a permanent wave will...?

    <p>Allow for proper saturation of the perm solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After unwinding the perm rod 1 1/2 times, the test curl should show...?

    <p>A definite 's' pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutralizing is the same as?

    <p>Rebonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reduces the swelling of the hair and hardens the bonds into the new size and shape during the perming process?

    <p>Neutralizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrogen, peroxide, sodium perborate, or sodium bromate are commonly used in...?

    <p>Neutralizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pH of a neutralizer will range from...?

    <p>2.5-7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkaline waves carry a pH of...?

    <p>8.0-9.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wave is not recommended for porous or damaged hair?

    <p>Manufacturers directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wave is not recommended for porous or damaged hair?

    <p>Alkaline waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acid waves have a pH of...?

    <p>6.9-7.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkaline waves should be wrapped without tension because the alkaline reforming lotion causes the hair to...?

    <p>Swell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the tension necessary in an alkaline wave?

    <p>Swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hair must be wrapped without tension when using...?

    <p>Alkaline waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What waves process the fastest because of the highest pH?

    <p>Alkaline waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leaving the neutralizer on longer than recommended can...?

    <p>Cause extra damage to hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What waves cause minimal swelling and must be wrapped with firm, even tension?

    <p>Acid waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemical Texturizing Overview

    • Chemical texturizing classifications: relaxing, curl reforming, and perming.
    • Perming involves making straight hair curly through physical and chemical processes.

    Historical Context

    • The croquignole method of wrapping hair was invented in 1926.

    Types of Perms

    • Exothermic waves are self-timed and self-heated.
    • Endothermic waves require a pre-heated dryer with a plastic cap for perming.

    Perm Process Details

    • Permanent waving has two major phases: physical and chemical.
    • Chemical phase includes applying and rinsing perm solutions and applying neutralizers.
    • Neutralizer is used to reform hair and lower pH.

    Ingredients in Perm Solutions

    • Acid waves primarily contain glycerol monothiogylcolate.
    • Today's alkaline waves are formulated with thioglycolic acid.
    • Ammonium thioglycolate is created using thioglycolic acid and ammonia.

    Wrapping Techniques

    • Croquignole is defined as the overlap method for wrapping hair around perm tools.
    • Hair should wrap around the rod at least two and a half times for desired curls.
    • Basic methods of wrapping include spiral and croquignole.
    • End papers control hair ends during the perming process and help maintain smooth wraps.

    Tool Types and Effects

    • Straight rods produce uniform curls or waves throughout hair strands.
    • Proper end paper techniques prevent crimps, referred to as fish hooks.
    • The double-paper technique provides maximum control of tapered ends and avoids bunching.

    Base Controls and Tool Positioning

    • The base is the area between two partings used for individual perm rods.
    • Common base control is half-off base to achieve desired results.
    • Strongest curl achieved with one-base size, maximum volume is achieved with on-base positioning, while off-base is used for minimal volume.

    Patterns and Control

    • The 9-block pattern is another term for rectangle wrap.
    • Smooth wrapping allows for proper saturation of perm solution.

    The Chemistry of Perming

    • Neutralizing is also known as rebonding.
    • Neutralizers reduce swelling and harden the bonds into the new shape.

    pH Levels

    • Neutralizers have a pH range of 2.5–7, while alkaline waves are around 8.0–9.5.
    • Acid waves exhibit a pH of 6.9–7.2.

    Wrapping and Processing Conditions

    • Alkaline waves must be wrapped without tension to avoid excessive swelling.
    • Alkaline waves process quickly due to their high pH but can cause extra damage if the neutralizer is left on too long.
    • Acid waves cause minimal swelling and require even, firm wrapping tension.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of chemical texturizing, including classifications such as relaxing, curl reforming, and perming. Learn about the processes, techniques, and ingredients involved in creating beautiful curls or waves in hair. Understand the historical context and various methods used in perming.

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