Questions and Answers
The 3 classifications of chemical texturizing are relaxing, curl reforming, and...?
The physical and chemical process of making straight hair curly is called?
Perming
The croquignole method of wrapping was invented in...
1926
Heat waves that are self-timed and self-heated are called...?
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To reform the hair and lower the pH in a perm procedure use a...?
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The main ingredient found in an acid wave is...?
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Today's alkaline waves are formulated with...?
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The method of perming where you apply a plastic cap on the client's head and place her under a pre-heated dryer is...?
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The 2 major phases involved with permanent waving are...?
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Thioglycolic acid and ammonia are used to formulate...?
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Which phase of permanent waving includes applying the perm solution, rinsing the perm solution, and applying the neutralizer?
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The overlap method of wrapping hair around a perm tool is called?
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To achieve the desired curl formation, hair should wrap around the rod at least how many times?
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The 2 basic methods of wrapping hair around a tool are...?
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Wrapping hair smoothly and evenly around the perm tool, using the appropriate tension will produce...?
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Which technique uses one end paper folded in half?
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What type of rods produce curls or waves that are uniform throughout the hair strands?
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End papers are important to control hair ends during the perming process and to...?
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In the perm procedure, proper end paper techniques will eliminate crimps or...?
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Because it allows maximum control of tapered ends and avoids bunching at the ends, the most common end paper technique used is...?
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The base is the area between two...?
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Water left in the end papers after rinsing the perm solution will...?
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What end paper technique incorporates several end papers positioned along the strand?
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If the base or parting is wider than a perm rod, the result will be...?
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The most common base control for perming is...?
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What size will create the strongest curl?
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To achieve maximum volume, which tool position should be used?
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The tool position used when only a minimum degree of volume is desired is the...?
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The 4 basic tool positions are on the base, half-off base, under-directed, and...?
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Rectangle wrap is also called the...?
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What do most acid waves use along with tension and waving lotion process?
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What must be permanently broken to change the hair from a straight to a curl state?
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Strong disulfide bonds are found in which layer of the hair?
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How does the stylist remove excess water from the hair before applying the neutralizer?
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A smooth wrapping in a permanent wave will...?
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After unwinding the perm rod 1 1/2 times, the test curl should show...?
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Neutralizing is the same as?
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What reduces the swelling of the hair and hardens the bonds into the new size and shape during the perming process?
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Hydrogen, peroxide, sodium perborate, or sodium bromate are commonly used in...?
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The pH of a neutralizer will range from...?
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Alkaline waves carry a pH of...?
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Which wave is not recommended for porous or damaged hair?
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Which wave is not recommended for porous or damaged hair?
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Acid waves have a pH of...?
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Alkaline waves should be wrapped without tension because the alkaline reforming lotion causes the hair to...?
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What provides the tension necessary in an alkaline wave?
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Hair must be wrapped without tension when using...?
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What waves process the fastest because of the highest pH?
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Leaving the neutralizer on longer than recommended can...?
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What waves cause minimal swelling and must be wrapped with firm, even tension?
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Study Notes
Chemical Texturizing Overview
- Chemical texturizing classifications: relaxing, curl reforming, and perming.
- Perming involves making straight hair curly through physical and chemical processes.
Historical Context
- The croquignole method of wrapping hair was invented in 1926.
Types of Perms
- Exothermic waves are self-timed and self-heated.
- Endothermic waves require a pre-heated dryer with a plastic cap for perming.
Perm Process Details
- Permanent waving has two major phases: physical and chemical.
- Chemical phase includes applying and rinsing perm solutions and applying neutralizers.
- Neutralizer is used to reform hair and lower pH.
Ingredients in Perm Solutions
- Acid waves primarily contain glycerol monothiogylcolate.
- Today's alkaline waves are formulated with thioglycolic acid.
- Ammonium thioglycolate is created using thioglycolic acid and ammonia.
Wrapping Techniques
- Croquignole is defined as the overlap method for wrapping hair around perm tools.
- Hair should wrap around the rod at least two and a half times for desired curls.
- Basic methods of wrapping include spiral and croquignole.
- End papers control hair ends during the perming process and help maintain smooth wraps.
Tool Types and Effects
- Straight rods produce uniform curls or waves throughout hair strands.
- Proper end paper techniques prevent crimps, referred to as fish hooks.
- The double-paper technique provides maximum control of tapered ends and avoids bunching.
Base Controls and Tool Positioning
- The base is the area between two partings used for individual perm rods.
- Common base control is half-off base to achieve desired results.
- Strongest curl achieved with one-base size, maximum volume is achieved with on-base positioning, while off-base is used for minimal volume.
Patterns and Control
- The 9-block pattern is another term for rectangle wrap.
- Smooth wrapping allows for proper saturation of perm solution.
The Chemistry of Perming
- Neutralizing is also known as rebonding.
- Neutralizers reduce swelling and harden the bonds into the new shape.
pH Levels
- Neutralizers have a pH range of 2.5–7, while alkaline waves are around 8.0–9.5.
- Acid waves exhibit a pH of 6.9–7.2.
Wrapping and Processing Conditions
- Alkaline waves must be wrapped without tension to avoid excessive swelling.
- Alkaline waves process quickly due to their high pH but can cause extra damage if the neutralizer is left on too long.
- Acid waves cause minimal swelling and require even, firm wrapping tension.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of chemical texturizing, including classifications such as relaxing, curl reforming, and perming. Learn about the processes, techniques, and ingredients involved in creating beautiful curls or waves in hair. Understand the historical context and various methods used in perming.
