Peripheral Vasculature Quiz
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What is the primary function of arteries in the peripheral vasculature?

  • Transport deoxygenated blood to the heart
  • Facilitate nutrient exchange between blood and tissues
  • Help regulate blood pressure through vascular resistance
  • Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (correct)

    • Which layer of blood vessels is responsible for minimizing friction and promoting transportation?

  • Tunica externa
  • Basement membrane
  • Tunica media
  • Endothelium (correct)

    • What is the role of sinusoids in the peripheral vasculature?

  • Carry oxygenated blood to various organs
  • Facilitate nutrient and oxygen exchange in muscles
  • Link arterioles and venules for blood return
  • Act as narrow vessels present in specific organs like the liver (correct)

    • Which component is crucial for the vascular response of vaso-constriction and dilation?

    <p>Smooth muscle in the tunica media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do collateral circulation systems maintain blood supply during limb movement?

    <p>By creating alternative pathways for blood flow when main vessels are compressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tunica adventitia in blood vessels?

    <p>Protects, strengthens, and anchors the vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of artery is characterized by a large amount of elastin and a thick tunica media?

    <p>Elastic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes veins from arteries?

    <p>Veins are more collapsible under pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do fenestrations and pores in blood vessels serve?

    <p>They allow for rapid exchange of substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the musculo-venous pump in venous circulation?

    <p>To compress veins and assist blood return to the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes capillaries?

    <p>Have a single layer of endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do pericytes play in the structure of capillaries?

    <p>They wrap around capillaries and can contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the dense venous fascia in the legs assist in circulation?

    <p>By preventing backflow of blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of arterioles compared to larger arteries?

    <p>Have a narrower lumen to resist blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood does the pulmonary trunk carry?

    <p>Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in veins helps prevent the collapse of the vessel?

    <p>Tunica adventitia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when blood flows through the lungs?

    <p>It picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics differentiates elastic arteries from muscular arteries?

    <p>Elastic arteries are typically larger and more elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of valves in the veins?

    <p>To ensure one-way blood flow and prevent backflow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is part of systemic circulation?

    <p>Aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during sluggish blood flow in the microcirculation?

    <p>It provides sufficient time for diffusion across the endothelial layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of arteries in the circulatory system?

    <p>To deliver oxygenated blood from the heart to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for preventing backflow of blood into the left atrium?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway of deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body?

    <p>Superior vena cava → Right atrium → Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is part of the pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Pulmonary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of blood flow from the right atrium?

    <p>Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the major vessel that distributes oxygenated blood to the body from the left ventricle.

    <p>Ascending aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do veins have in the circulatory system?

    <p>To return deoxygenated blood to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the pulmonary veins?

    <p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the femoral artery become after passing through the adductor hiatus?

    <p>Popliteal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery branches from the popliteal artery and supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

    <p>Anterior tibial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery serves as a major source of blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg?

    <p>Fibular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the genicular arteries?

    <p>Provide blood to the knee joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery directly continues from the popliteal artery to the sole of the foot?

    <p>Posterior tibial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a branch of the common iliac artery?

    <p>Internal carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the tarsal tunnel in relation to the arteries?

    <p>Passage for the posterior tibial artery to the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying the femoral head?

    <p>Medial circumflex femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery branches off into the radial and ulnar arteries?

    <p>Brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of collateral vessels?

    <p>To provide alternate routes for blood flow around joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein has the same name as the accompanying artery?

    <p>Radial vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are deep veins located in relation to the arteries?

    <p>In the muscular compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the forearm and hand?

    <p>Brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between superficial and deep veins?

    <p>Superficial veins are located near the surface; deep veins are within muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries form the palmar arches?

    <p>Radial artery and ulnar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries branch off the subclavian artery in the upper limb?

    <p>Brachial and axillary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What branches off the aorta to supply the pelvis and lower limbs?

    <p>Common iliac arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries is responsible for supplying the arm?

    <p>Brachial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Peripheral Vasculature - Lecture Objectives

    • This lecture aims to classify blood vessels, identify major vessels, describe the upper and lower limb vasculature, explain arterial and collateral circulation, and examine venous return from the periphery.

    Classification of Blood Vessels

    • Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
    • Veins: Return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
    • Capillaries: Tiny vessels that facilitate oxygen and nutrient exchange between blood and tissues.
    • Sinusoids: Specialized capillaries, found in liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

    Basic Structure of Blood Vessels

    • Tunica Intima: Innermost layer, composed of endothelial cells and thin basement membrane. Minimizes friction and aids in transport, osmosis and vasoactive functions.
    • Tunica Media: Middle layer comprised of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers. This layer supports the vessels and allows for vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
    • Tunica Adventitia: Outermost layer, composed of elastic and collagen fibers, providing support and protection while anchoring the vessels to surrounding tissues. It also contains Vasa Vasorum, or small vessels for nourishing the vessel wall itself

    Types of Arteries

    • Elastic/Conducting Arteries: Large, thick walls with significant elastic tissue, like the aorta, facilitating the smooth flow of blood. They can withstand high pressures.
    • Muscular/Distributing Arteries: Medium-sized arteries with thicker walls, have more muscle layers, including the renal artery, brachial artery, femoral artery. Crucial for distributing blood to specific organs.
    • Arterioles: Smallest branches of arteries, major role in regulating blood flow into capillaries via vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

    Veins

    • Structure: Wider lumen (cavity) and thinner walls compared to arteries. Valves prevent backflow, especially in lower limbs. Have a thick tunica adventitia, enabling resistance to lower pressures.
    • Function: Return deoxygenated blood to the heart.

    Capillaries

    • Structure: Single layer of endothelial cells, facilitating efficient substance exchange. Contain pores and fenestrations for rapid diffusion. Pericytes regulate blood flow.
    • Function: Enables gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), nutrients, and wastes to exchange across. Regulate blood flow.

    Musculo-Venous Pump

    • Muscle contractions squeeze veins, aiding blood return to the heart—venous valves prevent backflow.

    Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

    • Systemic Circulation: Carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the body via aorta to tissues, which return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
    • Pulmonary Circulation: Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs via pulmonary trunk. Collects the oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins and returns it to the left atrium. Gas exchange takes place in lungs (O2 picked up, CO2 released).

    Great Vessels and Arteries

    • Aorta: Major artery branching from the heart.
    • Common Carotid Arteries: The main arteries carrying blood to the head and neck originating from the aortic arch.
    • Brachiocephalic Artery: Branches off the aortic arch supplying blood to the right arm and part of the head. A large artery that branches off the aortic arch.
    • Subclavian Arteries: Branches supplying blood to the upper limbs.
    • Left and Right Common Iliac Arteries: Branches off the aorta branching to supply blood to the pelvis and lower limbs.
    • Other major arteries: Various arteries supplying other regions and smaller limbs.

    Great Vessels and Veins

    • Superficial and Deep Veins: Superficial veins located in the superficial fascia; deep veins within the muscular compartments (matching artery nomenclature).
    • Major veins: Various veins returning blood to the heart, matching the artery names.

    Key Areas for Identification (Image-Based)

    • The document includes several images for identifying specific structures (A-E, pulses, and various vessels) This section will only be helpful with the supporting diagram

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    Related Documents

    Peripheral Vasculature Lecture Notes (Queen Mary University of London) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the functions and structures of the peripheral vasculature. This quiz covers arteries, blood vessel layers, sinusoids, and the regulation of blood flow. Perfect for students studying cardiovascular anatomy and physiology.

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