Peripheral Nerve Injury Structure and Classification
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Questions and Answers

Which type of nerve injury is characterized by a complete or partial failure to propagate an action potential along the nerve?

  • Axonotmesis
  • Neurapraxia (correct)
  • Neurotmesis
  • Myelination
  • What is the main difference between neurapraxia and axonotmesis?

  • The presence of Wallerian degeneration
  • The reversibility of the injury
  • The involvement of supporting structures
  • The disruption of the axon and myelin sheath (correct)
  • In neurapraxia, what allows for a potential recovery of motor function?

  • Wallerian degeneration
  • Ischemia of the myelin sheath
  • Presence of nodes of Ranvier
  • Re-myelination of the distal segment (correct)
  • Which part of the nerve remains intact in axonotmesis injuries?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of neurapraxia in terms of time to recovery?

    <p>Recovery by re-myelination in 2-12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve injury is usually caused by severe compression or crush?

    <p>Axonotmesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common ulnar nerve impingement location?

    <p>In Guyon's canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve lesion is characterized by a hand in ulnar claw position?

    <p>Ulnar nerve lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is associated with femoral nerve lesion?

    <p>Pain in the inguinal region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve lesion is characterized by a high-stepping walk and foot drop?

    <p>Peroneal nerve lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of obturator nerve lesion?

    <p>Pelvic trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is associated with diffuse heel pain that worsens throughout the day?

    <p>Tarsal tunnel syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for a brachial plexus lesion causing 'porters tip'?

    <p>Klumpke Palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscles are affected in a lesion involving the brachial plexus?

    <p>Adductors of the shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is usually involved in Klumpke’s palsy?

    <p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of Klumpke’s palsy?

    <p>Weakness in finger abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of Klumpke Palsy?

    <p>Excessive abduction of the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is often associated with Klumpke's palsy due to traction of sympathetic fibers?

    <p>Ptosis (drooping of upper eyelid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nerve Injuries

    • Neurapraxia: Characterized by a complete or partial failure to propagate an action potential along the nerve.
    • Difference between neurapraxia and axonotmesis: Neurapraxia is a temporary and reversible injury, whereas axonotmesis is a more severe injury with axonal disruption.

    Neurapraxia

    • Potential recovery of motor function: Possible due to intact axons.
    • Characteristic feature: Recovery usually occurs within weeks to months.

    Axonotmesis

    • Intact part of the nerve: Endoneurium, which is the innermost layer of the nerve.

    Ulnar Nerve

    • Common impingement location: Cubital tunnel.
    • Characteristics of ulnar nerve lesion: Hand in ulnar claw position.

    Femoral Nerve

    • Symptom associated with femoral nerve lesion: Knee extension weakness.

    Peroneal Nerve

    • Characteristic feature: High-stepping walk and foot drop.

    Obturator Nerve

    • Common cause of obturator nerve lesion: Pelvic fracture or osteitis pubis.

    Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

    • Characteristic symptom: Diffuse heel pain that worsens throughout the day.

    Brachial Plexus Lesion

    • Also known as: 'Porter's tip' or 'Erb's palsy'.
    • Affected muscles: Deltoid, biceps, and brachialis muscles.

    Klumpke's Palsy

    • Involved nerve: Lower brachial plexus (C8-T1).
    • Characteristic symptom: Claw-like hand deformity.
    • Common cause: Trauma during birth.
    • Symptom associated with traction of sympathetic fibers: Horner's syndrome.

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    Description

    Explore the structure and classification of peripheral nerve injuries including cranial and spinal nerves, efferent and afferent axons, myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers, and different types of nerve injuries. Learn about the components of peripheral nerves such as epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium.

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