HTN/PAH
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HTN/PAH

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Questions and Answers

How is a definitive diagnosis of hypertension typically made?

  • Multiple elevated blood pressure readings over time (correct)
  • Based on a single measurement
  • By considering end-organ function only
  • By assessing anxiety levels

    • When should surgery be generally delayed for further cardiac evaluation based on blood pressure levels?

  • For any elevation in blood pressure above normal range
  • If systolic blood pressure is above 150 mm Hg
  • Only for patients with prehypertension
  • For marked hypertension (systolic > 180 mm Hg and/or diastolic > 110 mm Hg) (correct)

    • What additional considerations are important for patients with long-standing and/or poorly controlled hypertension?

  • Considering only systolic blood pressure
  • Taking into account vasculopathy and end-organ function (correct)
  • Monitoring anxiety levels
  • Assessing lung function

    • Which condition can be suspected if a patient presents with symptoms like flushing and sweating?

    <p>Pheochromocytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) value?

    <p>Below 15 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) includes idiopathic cases with no identifiable risk factors?

    <p>Group 1: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical presentation of pericarditis following a myocardial infarction (MI)?

    <p>Acute presentation 1-3 days after transmural MI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main forms of relapsing pericarditis?

    <p>Incessant and intermittent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical treatment for acute pericarditis?

    <p>Salicylates, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a pericardial effusion result in cardiac tamponade?

    <p>When the pressure in the pericardial space interferes with cardiac filling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for the amount of fluid in the pericardial space?

    <p>15-50 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for hypotension during surgery in hypertensive patients?

    <p>Decreased cerebral autoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for antihypertensive medications on the day of surgery?

    <p>Take antihypertensive medications as usual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive drugs should be continued without interruption, according to the text?

    <p>Beta Blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential concern with discontinuing diuretics on the day of surgery?

    <p>Electrolyte imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the table, which group had the lowest incidence of perioperative hypertensive episodes?

    <p>Normotensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal during the maintenance phase of anesthesia for a patient with hypertension?

    <p>Minimize wide swings in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can contribute to postoperative hypertension?

    <p>Intraoperative hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)?

    <p>Mean PA pressure &gt; 25 mmHg at rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a characteristic of constrictive pericarditis?

    <p>Increased ventricular preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of anesthetic management in patients with constrictive pericarditis?

    <p>Maintain heart rate, contractility, and venous return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of commotio cordis?

    <p>Ventricular fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor contributing to essential hypertension?

    <p>All of the above contribute to essential hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key consideration in the anesthetic management of cardiac contusion?

    <p>Avoid hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for commotio cordis?

    <p>Defibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment goal for blood pressure in patients with coexisting diseases?

    <p>Less than 130/80 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of resistant hypertension?

    <p>Uncontrolled hypertension despite three or more antihypertensive drugs of different classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a risk factor for essential hypertension?

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the finding of a study that looked at patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension who were 'taking' 3-5 antihypertensive drugs?

    <p>25% of patients had no detectable drug in their system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended first approach for treating essential hypertension in patients without associated risk factors or evidence of end-organ damage?

    <p>Lifestyle modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stripping of the pericardium, which may be closely adherent to the myocardium, is the treatment for constrictive pericarditis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Commotio cordis results from an unsynchronized impulse during ventricular repolarization, leading to ventricular fibrillation ($V_{Fib}$).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pericardial laceration is commonly associated with rapid deceleration injuries to the chest wall.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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