Hypertension Concept Map Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes high blood pressure?

A sign

A risk factor

A disease

All of the above (correct)

How is hypertension diagnosed?

Two or more readings on different occasions at least one week apart.

What are the signs and symptoms of hypertension?

Known as a silent killer because there are no signs and symptoms until a reading, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), or cardiovascular death occurs.

What is primary hypertension?

90% of cases with no known cause. Signup and view all the answers

What is secondary hypertension?

Hypertension with an identifiable cause. Signup and view all the answers

What is prehypertension and how can it be fixed?

120-139/80-89; can be fixed by weight loss, salt reduction, exercise, and decreasing alcohol and smoking. Signup and view all the answers

What is stage 1 hypertension?

140-159/90-99; evaluate in 1 month. Signup and view all the answers

What is stage 2 hypertension?

<blockquote> 160/>100; evaluate weekly. </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

How can persistent hypertension affect the body?

It can gradually damage blood vessels in the heart, kidney, brain, and eyes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical regimen for stage 1 hypertension?

Thiazide first, then consider ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers, or calcium channel blockers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical regimen for stage 2 hypertension?

Two drug combinations, thiazide and ACE inhibitor, ARB, beta blocker, or calcium channel blocker. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are risk factors for hypertension? (Select all that apply)

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypertension Overview

High blood pressure serves as a sign, risk factor, and disease itself.
Known as the "silent killer" due to lack of symptoms until serious events like stroke or heart attack occur.

Diagnosis of Hypertension

Diagnosis requires two or more readings taken on different occasions, spaced at least one week apart.

Hypertension Classifications

Primary Hypertension: Accounts for 90% of cases, with no identifiable cause.
Secondary Hypertension: Has a specific and identifiable cause.
Prehypertension: Blood pressure readings between 120-139/80-89, manageable through lifestyle changes such as weight loss, reduced salt intake, exercise, and decreased alcohol and smoking.
Stage 1 Hypertension: Blood pressure readings ranging from 140-159/90-99; requires evaluation within one month, along with lifestyle changes like walking and salt reduction.
Stage 2 Hypertension: Blood pressure readings exceeding 160/100; requires weekly evaluation.

Effects of Persistent Hypertension

Chronic high blood pressure can gradually damage blood vessels in critical organs such as the heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes.

Medical Regimens

Stage 1 Treatment: Typically starts with thiazide diuretics; may consider adding ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers as needed.
Stage 2 Treatment: Involves two-drug combinations, commonly pairing thiazide diuretics with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers.

Risk Factors for Hypertension

Important risk factors include:
- Hypertension itself
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid levels)
- Diabetes mellitus
- Presence of microalbuminuria or reduced GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)

Description

Test your knowledge on hypertension with these flashcards that cover key concepts such as diagnosis, signs, and definitions. Perfect for anyone looking to understand the basics of high blood pressure and its implications for health.