Periodontium Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of cementum?

  • To provide sensation to the tooth
  • To attach the tooth to the periodontal ligament
  • To produce dentin
  • To seal the open dentinal tubules (correct)

    • What is the width range of the periodontal ligament?

  • 0.5 to 1 mm
  • 1 to 2 mm
  • 0.15 to 0.38 mm (correct)
  • 0.05 to 0.1 mm

    • What is the main component of alveolar bone?

  • Cementum
  • Dentin
  • Mineralized organic matrix
  • Specialized connective tissue (correct)

    • What is the function of the periodontal ligament?

    <p>To attach the tooth to the alveolar bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of acellular cementum?

    <p>To cover the root surface before tooth reaches occlusal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cellular cementum?

    <p>To form after the tooth reaches the occlusal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of cementum based on location?

    <p>Radicular and coronal cementum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the attachment apparatus of the tooth?

    <p>Periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the jaw bones?

    <p>To distribute and reabsorb forces generated by mastication and other tooth contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alveolar process divisible into on an anatomic basis?

    <p>Separate areas on an anatomic basis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds the root of the tooth and gives attachment to principal fibers of the periodontal ligament?

    <p>Alveolar bone proper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the isolated areas in which the root is denuded of bone and marginal bone is intact?

    <p>Fenestrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the denuded areas that extend through the marginal bone?

    <p>Dehiscences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the portion of the jaw located apically but unrelated to the teeth?

    <p>Basal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the gingivae?

    <p>To protect the underlying tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gingival sulcus?

    <p>A shallow groove around the tooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the gingival fibers?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of the gingivae in health?

    <p>Pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the part of the periodontium that supports the fibers of the periodontal ligament?

    <p>Cementum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the gingival margin in health?

    <p>A few millimeters coronal to the cementoenamel junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical division of the gingivae?

    <p>Marginal, attached, and interdental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the gingival sulcus in a fully erupted tooth?

    <p>It is a shallow groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Periodontium

    • Consists of investing and supporting tissues of the tooth: gingivae, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone
    • Divided into two parts: gingivae and attachment apparatus (periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone)

    Gingivae

    • Part of oral mucosa that covers alveolar processes of jaws and surrounds necks of teeth
    • In health, gingivae are pink, firm, and have a knife-edge appearance, scalloped around teeth
    • May be pigmented in certain ethnic groups
    • Gingival margin is a few millimeters coronal to cement-enamel junction
    • Gingival sulcus (or crevice) is a shallow groove, 0.5-3 mm in depth around a fully erupted tooth
    • Gingival tissues are keratinized and appear paler pink than non-keratinized oral epithelium

    Clinical Features

    • Normal gingivae cover alveolar bone and tooth root to a level just coronal to cement-enamel junction
    • Gingivae are divided anatomically into marginal, attached, and interdental areas

    Gingival Fibers

    • Functions:
      • Stabilize attached gingivae to alveolar process
      • Stabilize attached gingivae to tooth
      • Help maintain epithelial seal to tooth
      • Provide stability to tooth
      • Provide rigidity to withstand forces of mastication
      • Help maintain marginal/free gingivae firmly against tooth and adjacent attached gingivae

    Periodontal Ligament

    • Soft, specialized connective tissue situated between cementum covering root of tooth and bone forming socket wall
    • Width ranges from 0.15 to 0.38 mm
    • Constituents:
      • Periodontal ligament fibers
      • Cellular elements
      • Ground substances (glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins)

    Cementum

    • Calcified, avascular, mesenchymal tissue forming the outer covering of anatomic root
    • Functions:
      • Provides attachment to collagen fibers of periodontal ligament to root
      • Covers root surface, sealing open dentinal tubules, preventing dentinal sensitivity
      • Aids in maintaining teeth in functional occlusion
      • Contributes to process of repair after damage to root surface
    • Classification:
      • According to location: radicular and coronal cementum
      • According to cells present: acellular and cellular cementum
      • According to fibers present: not specified

    Alveolar Bone

    • Portion of maxilla and mandible that forms and supports tooth sockets (alveoli)
    • Specialized connective tissue with mineralized organic matrix
    • Main function is to distribute and reabsorb forces generated by mastication and other tooth contact
    • Consists of:
      • Alveolar bone proper: thin lamella of bone surrounding root of tooth and giving attachment to principal fibers of periodontal ligament
      • Supporting alveolar bone: surrounds alveolar bone proper and gives support to socket
        • Cortical plates: compact bone forming outer and inner plates of alveolar bone
        • Spongy bone (trabecular or cancellous bone): fills area between plates and alveolar bone proper

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    Related Documents

    Introduction to Periodontics PDF

    Description

    Learn about the periodontium, its components, and functions, including the gingivae, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.

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