Podcast
Questions and Answers
What terminology was changed to refer to adult periodontitis according to the 1999 classification?
What terminology was changed to refer to adult periodontitis according to the 1999 classification?
Which of the following is NOT a non-microbial factor related to periodontal disease?
Which of the following is NOT a non-microbial factor related to periodontal disease?
Which of the following risk factors is classified as non-modifiable regarding periodontal disease?
Which of the following risk factors is classified as non-modifiable regarding periodontal disease?
Which systemic condition may worsen the host response to periodontal pathogens?
Which systemic condition may worsen the host response to periodontal pathogens?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of classifying periodontal disease into localized and generalized categories?
What is the significance of classifying periodontal disease into localized and generalized categories?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormonal changes during pregnancy can influence periodontal disease?
Which hormonal changes during pregnancy can influence periodontal disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the threshold for HbA1c level that classifies a patient as having diabetes?
What is the threshold for HbA1c level that classifies a patient as having diabetes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following changes is most likely to delay healing in periodontal tissues?
Which of the following changes is most likely to delay healing in periodontal tissues?
Signup and view all the answers
How do psychosocial factors affect periodontal disease?
How do psychosocial factors affect periodontal disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is characterized by high blood pressure affecting the endocrine system during pregnancy?
What condition is characterized by high blood pressure affecting the endocrine system during pregnancy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which local anaesthetic is considered safest during the first trimester of pregnancy?
Which local anaesthetic is considered safest during the first trimester of pregnancy?
Signup and view all the answers
What hormone is primarily associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in menopause?
What hormone is primarily associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in menopause?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition can result from HIV infection due to immune suppression?
What condition can result from HIV infection due to immune suppression?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following medications is known to cause Drug Induced Gingival Overgrowth (DIGO)?
Which of the following medications is known to cause Drug Induced Gingival Overgrowth (DIGO)?
Signup and view all the answers
What bone condition is characterized by depleted calcium levels and brittle bones?
What bone condition is characterized by depleted calcium levels and brittle bones?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major consequence of hyperlipidaemia affecting cardiovascular health?
What is a major consequence of hyperlipidaemia affecting cardiovascular health?
Signup and view all the answers
Which psychosocial factor can significantly increase cortisol levels, affecting health?
Which psychosocial factor can significantly increase cortisol levels, affecting health?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common oral manifestation of HPV infection?
What is a common oral manifestation of HPV infection?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Periodontal Disease Classification
- 1999 American Academy of Periodontology reclassified "Adult periodontitis" as "Chronic periodontitis" and "Early onset periodontitis" as "Aggressive periodontitis".
- Periodontic-endodontic lesions (periodontitis affecting the pulp) remain a classification.
- Now classified as localized and generalized.
- Once diagnosed as having periodontal disease, a patient is always classified as such, but can be stable or in remission.
- Classification systems are necessary to categorize the rate of progression, utilizing radiographic evidence and codes (0/1/1/3/4 – BSP) to denote generalized or localized severity.
Non-Microbial Factors in Periodontal Disease
-
Non-microbial factors are elements other than bacteria that influence the development and progression of periodontal disease. Examples include:
- Genetics
- Systemic disorders
- Smoking
- Sex hormones
- Medications
- Stress
Systemic Diseases Modifying Host Response
-
Non-modifiable risk factors (cannot be changed):
- Ethnicity
- Age
- Gender (females tend to have a higher rate of progression due to hormonal influences)
- Family history
-
Modifiable risk factors (can be changed):
- Abdominal obesity
- Smoking
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes (HbA1c over 8.5)
- High cholesterol
- Psychosocial factors (mental health)
Explanations for Modifiable Factors in Periodontal Disease
-
Diabetes:
- Poor diet control (high sugar) increases caries risk (type 2).
- Hormonal influences contribute to increased periodontal disease.
- Delayed healing and impacted inflammatory mediators are consequences.
-
Pregnancy:
- Gestational diabetes impacts immune response due to hormonal changes (estrogen and progesterone).
- Preeclampsia (high blood pressure affecting the endocrine system).
-
Menopause:
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT).
-
Contraception:
- Estrogen and progesterone influence the immune response.
- HIV: Immunosuppression leading to different types of candidiasis.
- HPV: Leucoplakia and ulcerations (viral infections), Kaposi's sarcoma (premalignant lesion).
- Immune disorders: Leucocyte adhesion deficiency (repeat infections), mainly neonatal, reducing life expectancy.
-
Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO):
- Amlodipine, phenytoin, and cyclosporine are examples of medications that can cause pseudopocketing.
Other Factors Relating to Disease
-
Stress:
- Increases cortisol levels (affecting sleep and blood pressure).
- Impacts dietary choices (binge eating, alcohol consumption).
- Influences oral hygiene (motivation) and clenching.
-
Osteoporosis:
- Reduced calcium levels in bones (brittle bones) associated with decreased bone density linked to nutrition.
-
Hyperlipidaemia (High Cholesterol):
- Lipids in the blood cause blood vessel narrowing.
- Associated medications can lead to gingival overgrowth.
- Periodontal pathogens can travel through the bloodstream, triggering a higher immune response and accelerating bone destruction.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the classification of periodontal disease as per the 1999 American Academy of Periodontology guidelines. Learn about the distinctions between chronic and aggressive periodontitis, as well as the significance of non-microbial factors on periodontal health. This quiz covers essential concepts including classification systems and progression indicators.
