Periodontal Disease Classification and Non Microbial factors Quiz (ODS Learning Outcomes)
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Questions and Answers

What terminology was changed to refer to adult periodontitis according to the 1999 classification?

  • Acute periodontitis
  • Lateral periodontitis
  • Chronic periodontitis (correct)
  • Gingivitis

    • Which of the following is NOT a non-microbial factor related to periodontal disease?

  • Genetic factors
  • Bacterial infections (correct)
  • Medications
  • Smoking

    • Which of the following risk factors is classified as non-modifiable regarding periodontal disease?

  • Age (correct)
  • Smoking
  • Abdominal obesity
  • Diabetes

    • Which systemic condition may worsen the host response to periodontal pathogens?

    <p>Gestational diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of classifying periodontal disease into localized and generalized categories?

    <p>It helps in classifying rate of progression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormonal changes during pregnancy can influence periodontal disease?

    <p>Increase in estrogen and progesterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold for HbA1c level that classifies a patient as having diabetes?

    <p>Over 8.5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following changes is most likely to delay healing in periodontal tissues?

    <p>High cholesterol levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do psychosocial factors affect periodontal disease?

    <p>They can worsen the inflammatory response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by high blood pressure affecting the endocrine system during pregnancy?

    <p>Preeclampsia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local anaesthetic is considered safest during the first trimester of pregnancy?

    <p>Lidocaine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is primarily associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in menopause?

    <p>Oestrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from HIV infection due to immune suppression?

    <p>Candidiasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is known to cause Drug Induced Gingival Overgrowth (DIGO)?

    <p>Amlodipine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bone condition is characterized by depleted calcium levels and brittle bones?

    <p>Osteoporosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of hyperlipidaemia affecting cardiovascular health?

    <p>Narrowing of blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychosocial factor can significantly increase cortisol levels, affecting health?

    <p>Stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common oral manifestation of HPV infection?

    <p>Leucoplakia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Periodontal disease classification

    A system that categorizes periodontal disease based on its progression, severity, and location. It helps dentists diagnose and manage the condition effectively.

    1999 American Academy of Periodontology Classification changes

    The change in the name of periodontal disease in 1999 by the American Academy of Periodontology. "Adult periodontitis" became "chronic periodontitis" and "early onset periodontitis" became "aggressive periodontitis".

    Non-microbial factor in periodontal disease

    A factor that is not related to bacteria but can influence the development or severity of periodontal disease.

    Systemic disease impacting periodontal disease

    A systemic condition that can increase the risk of periodontal disease or affect its progression. Examples include diabetes, smoking, and heart disease.

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    BSP (Bleeding on probing) classification

    This classification system uses a coding system (0/1/1/3/4 BSP) to describe the severity of periodontal disease in different areas of the mouth.

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    Gestational diabetes

    A type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, often due to hormonal changes.

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    Pregnancy hormones and periodontal disease

    The female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone, elevated during pregnancy, can influence the immune response and potentially contribute to an increased risk of periodontal disease.

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    Modifiable risk factors for periodontal disease

    Factors that can increase the risk of periodontal disease but can be modified or controlled by behavior changes or medical treatment.

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    Non-modifiable risk factors for periodontal disease

    Features or characteristics that cannot be altered, such as ethnicity, age, and gender, which can influence the risk or progression of periodontal disease.

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    Preeclampsia

    A condition during pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and affecting the endocrine system.

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    Local Anesthetic

    A type of anesthesia that is considered safest during the first trimester of pregnancy.

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    Menopause

    A natural biological process in women that marks the end of their reproductive years, usually occurring between the ages of 45 and 55.

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    HRT

    Hormone replacement therapy, used to manage symptoms of menopause.

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    Contraception

    Substances or devices used to prevent pregnancy.

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    Estrogen

    A hormone that plays a crucial role in the female reproductive system.

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    Progesterone

    A hormone that also plays a key role in the female reproductive system.

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    HIV

    A virus that weakens the immune system, leading to infections like candidiasis.

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    HPV

    A virus that can cause oral lesions, including leucoplakia, ulcers, and even premalignant lesions like Kaposi's sarcoma.

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    Study Notes

    Periodontal Disease Classification

    • 1999 American Academy of Periodontology reclassified "Adult periodontitis" as "Chronic periodontitis" and "Early onset periodontitis" as "Aggressive periodontitis".
    • Periodontic-endodontic lesions (periodontitis affecting the pulp) remain a classification.
    • Now classified as localized and generalized.
    • Once diagnosed as having periodontal disease, a patient is always classified as such, but can be stable or in remission.
    • Classification systems are necessary to categorize the rate of progression, utilizing radiographic evidence and codes (0/1/1/3/4 – BSP) to denote generalized or localized severity.

    Non-Microbial Factors in Periodontal Disease

    • Non-microbial factors are elements other than bacteria that influence the development and progression of periodontal disease. Examples include:
      • Genetics
      • Systemic disorders
      • Smoking
      • Sex hormones
      • Medications
      • Stress

    Systemic Diseases Modifying Host Response

    • Non-modifiable risk factors (cannot be changed):
      • Ethnicity
      • Age
      • Gender (females tend to have a higher rate of progression due to hormonal influences)
      • Family history
    • Modifiable risk factors (can be changed):
      • Abdominal obesity
      • Smoking
      • High blood pressure
      • Diabetes (HbA1c over 8.5)
      • High cholesterol
      • Psychosocial factors (mental health)

    Explanations for Modifiable Factors in Periodontal Disease

    • Diabetes:
      • Poor diet control (high sugar) increases caries risk (type 2).
      • Hormonal influences contribute to increased periodontal disease.
      • Delayed healing and impacted inflammatory mediators are consequences.
    • Pregnancy:
      • Gestational diabetes impacts immune response due to hormonal changes (estrogen and progesterone).
      • Preeclampsia (high blood pressure affecting the endocrine system).
    • Menopause:
      • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT).
    • Contraception:
      • Estrogen and progesterone influence the immune response.
    • HIV: Immunosuppression leading to different types of candidiasis.
    • HPV: Leucoplakia and ulcerations (viral infections), Kaposi's sarcoma (premalignant lesion).
    • Immune disorders: Leucocyte adhesion deficiency (repeat infections), mainly neonatal, reducing life expectancy.
    • Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO):
      • Amlodipine, phenytoin, and cyclosporine are examples of medications that can cause pseudopocketing.

    Other Factors Relating to Disease

    • Stress:

      • Increases cortisol levels (affecting sleep and blood pressure).
      • Impacts dietary choices (binge eating, alcohol consumption).
      • Influences oral hygiene (motivation) and clenching.

    • Osteoporosis:

      • Reduced calcium levels in bones (brittle bones) associated with decreased bone density linked to nutrition.

    • Hyperlipidaemia (High Cholesterol):

      • Lipids in the blood cause blood vessel narrowing.
      • Associated medications can lead to gingival overgrowth.
      • Periodontal pathogens can travel through the bloodstream, triggering a higher immune response and accelerating bone destruction.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the classification of periodontal disease as per the 1999 American Academy of Periodontology guidelines. Learn about the distinctions between chronic and aggressive periodontitis, as well as the significance of non-microbial factors on periodontal health. This quiz covers essential concepts including classification systems and progression indicators.

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