Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of periodization in performance training?
What is the main purpose of periodization in performance training?
How can a year be divided according to the principles of periodization?
How can a year be divided according to the principles of periodization?
What are the sub-phases within the preparation phase of periodization?
What are the sub-phases within the preparation phase of periodization?
What is essential for creating an effective training regimen based on periodization?
What is essential for creating an effective training regimen based on periodization?
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What is typically the focus of a macro-cycle in periodization?
What is typically the focus of a macro-cycle in periodization?
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What is the primary recommendation for novice and young athletes regarding competitive periods?
What is the primary recommendation for novice and young athletes regarding competitive periods?
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Which of the following best describes a micro-cycle?
Which of the following best describes a micro-cycle?
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At what stage should athletes consider increasing the number of competitive periods?
At what stage should athletes consider increasing the number of competitive periods?
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In terms of class scheduling strategies, which component is essential for a dance educational curriculum?
In terms of class scheduling strategies, which component is essential for a dance educational curriculum?
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What is a key factor in planning the training process according to Bompa and Buzzichelli?
What is a key factor in planning the training process according to Bompa and Buzzichelli?
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During which phase would rehearsals primarily take place according to the periodization model?
During which phase would rehearsals primarily take place according to the periodization model?
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Why is it important for training plans to be adaptable?
Why is it important for training plans to be adaptable?
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What should a long-term training goal ideally encompass?
What should a long-term training goal ideally encompass?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four training phases suggested by Bompa and Carrera?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four training phases suggested by Bompa and Carrera?
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What type of athletes should attempt multiple competitive periods?
What type of athletes should attempt multiple competitive periods?
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What is a critical aspect of understanding the training stimulus impact on athletes?
What is a critical aspect of understanding the training stimulus impact on athletes?
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What is one of the primary benefits of periodizing a training plan?
What is one of the primary benefits of periodizing a training plan?
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Who was the first to implement a structured four-year training plan for the Olympics?
Who was the first to implement a structured four-year training plan for the Olympics?
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What does the framework of periodization mainly aim to do?
What does the framework of periodization mainly aim to do?
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What kind of therapy did Claudius Galenus incorporate into athlete training?
What kind of therapy did Claudius Galenus incorporate into athlete training?
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What aspect of training does the periodization framework NOT specifically target?
What aspect of training does the periodization framework NOT specifically target?
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What historical document describes a ten-month training plan utilized by athletes in ancient times?
What historical document describes a ten-month training plan utilized by athletes in ancient times?
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What is a consequence of proper periodization in training schedules?
What is a consequence of proper periodization in training schedules?
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Which of the following best describes the focus of training in periodization?
Which of the following best describes the focus of training in periodization?
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Study Notes
Periodization in Sport
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The number of competitive periods should be kept to one for novice and young athletes, allowing for a longer preparatory phase focused on technical, tactical, and physical development. As athletes mature biologically and athletically, the number of competitive periods can increase according to sport demands.
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Well-trained athletes can attempt multiple competitive periods, but the preparatory phase will be shorter.
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For professional athletes, the length and competitive schedule determine the length of each phase and macro-cycle, while coaches determine these elements for less experienced athletes based on their biomotor and athletic maturity.
Planning for Periodized Training
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Coaches should structure training using methodological, scientific procedures and past experience to eliminate random or aimless training sessions that increase training load without contributing to goals.
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Understanding an athlete’s physiological and psychological response to training stimulus and resulting fatigue is crucial. It entails recognizing how the stimulus contributes to training goals, the fatigue level induced, and the athlete’s response to fatigue.
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Planning should focus on optimizing adaptation to training stimulus without overtraining due to insufficient recovery or over-stimulation.
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Long-term goals are essential and guide athletes for years in their athletic and biomotor development, encompassing all training elements, skill acquisition, physiological and psychological components, and competition.
Periodization in Dance
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Bompa and Carrera (2015) propose four training phases: initiation, athletic formation, specialization, and high performance.
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An artistic process, from creation to performance, resembles a multiple-peak season for an athlete with periods of intense training, short recovery, peak performances, and reduced workload.
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The layout of a periodized dance program depends on the clarity of identified performance moments and definition of desired performance.
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Periodization is an approach to optimize performance, not a structure overriding the training schedule.
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Having a clear definition of “success” is essential for defining the type of training, status of training elements in relation to the goal, and the division of training goals over short, medium, and long-term cycles.
Periodization in Dance Schedules
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A year can be divided into three distinct phases: preparation, performance, and transition.
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Preparation can sub-divided into general preparation (technique development) and specific preparation (choreography).
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Competitive periods are sub-divided into pre-performance (rehearsals) and performance (shows/tour).
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Similar divisions can be found in dance educational curriculum, with schedules based on specific educational modules, a clear learning goal, and sub-phases divided into two to three macro-cycles.
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Each macro-cycle focuses on a specific goal, for example, developing advanced technique.
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Macro-cycles are further subdivided into micro-cycles with specific and distinct goals that ultimately contribute to the macro-cycle goal.
History of Periodization
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The ancient Greeks used a simplified form of periodization with ten months of preparation followed by a thirty-day specific plan for the ancient Olympics.
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Galen’s book, De Sanitate Tuenda (Preservation of Health), promotes relaxation and proper nutrition after each training session.
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Claudius Galenus incorporated “talk therapy” (psychotherapy) into training.
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Germans used a four-year strategy of annual training plans in the 1936 Olympics.
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Matveev (1965) developed a system that divided the annual training plan into phases, sub-phases, and training cycles to understand how specific training sessions contribute to overall goals.
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The objective of periodization is to optimize athletic performance by progressively improving skills and work capacity through an organized and well-planned training program.
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Periodization structures training phases to target bio-motor abilities, allowing athletes to perform optimally physically, technically, and mentally.
Attributes Developed through Periodization
- General fitness
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Description
Explore the principles of periodization in sports training and how it applies to athletes at various levels, from novices to professionals. Understand the importance of structured training and planning for optimal performance based on physiological and psychological readiness.
