Periodic Table Study Guide Flashcards

Questions and Answers

In what order did Mendeleev arrange the elements in the first Periodic table?

By atomic mass or properties within each column

What does the atomic number tell you about the atom of the element?

How many electrons and protons are in the element

What does the atomic mass tell you about the atom of the element?

It tells you the weight of neutrons and protons

How do you know how many electrons there are surrounding the nucleus of a particular atom?

By the number of protons or its atomic number Signup and view all the answers

What does the periodic table represent?

Number of shells Signup and view all the answers

The group number represents the number of ______ in the outermost shell.

valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons can each energy level hold for each shell, #1-#4?

1st max 2, 2nd and 3rd max 8, 4th max 18 Signup and view all the answers

What is the last element in period 4?

Krypton Signup and view all the answers

Elements in each group number all have what in common?

Number of valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

Define element.

Substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of shells an electron can have?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Which atomic particles are found in the nucleus and what are their charges?

Neutrons and protons; neutrons are neutral, protons are positive Signup and view all the answers

Which particle has a negative charge?

Electron Signup and view all the answers

How would you label MOST reactive to LEAST reactive on the periodic table?

As you move from left to right across the periodic table Signup and view all the answers

What is an ion?

Unequal number of electrons but the same element Signup and view all the answers

What is an isotope?

Unequal number of neutrons, same element Signup and view all the answers

What do you call a column in a periodic table?

Groups Signup and view all the answers

Who suggested that electrons travel around the nucleus in definite paths?

Niels Bohr Signup and view all the answers

Who performed an experiment proving the existence of an atomic nucleus?

Ernest Rutherford Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered that there are small particles inside the atom?

J.J. Thomson Signup and view all the answers

Who performed an experiment proving the existence of electrons?

J.J. Thomson Signup and view all the answers

An isotope of Chlorine would have how many neutrons?

17 or 18 Signup and view all the answers

What do we call a row of elements on the periodic table?

Period Signup and view all the answers

What does the zigzag line on the periodic table tell you?

Tells you the properties Signup and view all the answers

What 2 atomic particles do I add together to find an element's atomic mass?

Proton and neutron Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atomic Structure and Properties

Mendeleev arranged elements in the first Periodic Table by atomic mass and similar properties.
The atomic number identifies the number of protons and electrons in an element.
Atomic mass indicates the combined weight of neutrons and protons in the atom.
The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus equals the atomic number (also the number of protons).
Atomic particles found in the nucleus include neutrons (neutral charge) and protons (positive charge).
Electrons have a negative charge.

Periodic Table Organization

The periodic table represents electron shells where elements are organized by energy levels.
Group numbers reflect the number of valence electrons in the outermost shell.
Elements in a group share similar chemical properties due to the same number of valence electrons.
Maximum energy levels for electrons are 2 (1st shell), 8 (2nd & 3rd shells), and 18 (4th shell).
The last element in Period 4 is Krypton.
Each horizontal row in the Periodic Table is referred to as a period.
The zigzag line on the table indicates properties of elements, differentiating metals from nonmetals.

Reactivity and Ions

Reactivity decreases from left to right across the periodic table.
An ion is formed when there is an unequal number of electrons compared to protons in the same element.
An isotope contains an unequal number of neutrons of the same element.

Historical Contributions

Niels Bohr proposed that electrons travel in definite paths around the nucleus.
Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment that confirmed the existence of an atomic nucleus.
J.J. Thomson discovered particles inside the atom and proved the existence of electrons via experiments.

Atomic Mass Calculation

To calculate an element's atomic mass, add the number of protons and neutrons.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the periodic table with these flashcards that cover the key concepts such as atomic mass, atomic number, and the arrangement of elements by Mendeleev. Perfect for students seeking to understand the fundamentals of chemistry and the behavior of elements.