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Questions and Answers
The state that there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged by increasing atomic number is called the ______.
The state that there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged by increasing atomic number is called the ______.
periodic law
Elements in groups 1, 2, and 13-18 are called the ______ elements.
Elements in groups 1, 2, and 13-18 are called the ______ elements.
representative
Columns of elements are called ______ or families.
Columns of elements are called ______ or families.
groups
Elements in groups 3-12 are known as the ______ metals.
Elements in groups 3-12 are known as the ______ metals.
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The elements that are in group 2 are called ______ Earth Metals.
The elements that are in group 2 are called ______ Earth Metals.
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The two sets of inner transition metals usually located along the bottom of the periodic table are called the ______ series and Actinide series.
The two sets of inner transition metals usually located along the bottom of the periodic table are called the ______ series and Actinide series.
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Elements that are generally gases or brittle, dull-looking solids, which are poor conductors of heat and electricity, are called ______.
Elements that are generally gases or brittle, dull-looking solids, which are poor conductors of heat and electricity, are called ______.
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Highly reactive elements found in group 17 are known as ______.
Highly reactive elements found in group 17 are known as ______.
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Alkaline earth metals are in group ______.
Alkaline earth metals are in group ______.
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The two sets of inner transition metals are known as the ______ series and the actinide series.
The two sets of inner transition metals are known as the ______ series and the actinide series.
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Group 17 is composed of highly reactive elements called ______.
Group 17 is composed of highly reactive elements called ______.
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Elements in groups 13-18 have a number of valence electrons that is ______ less than their group number.
Elements in groups 13-18 have a number of valence electrons that is ______ less than their group number.
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The ______ block contains the transition metals.
The ______ block contains the transition metals.
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The ionic radii of negative ions generally decrease from left to right, beginning with group ______ or 16.
The ionic radii of negative ions generally decrease from left to right, beginning with group ______ or 16.
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The energy required to remove the first electron from a gaseous atom is called the first ______ energy.
The energy required to remove the first electron from a gaseous atom is called the first ______ energy.
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Electronegativity decreases as you move down a ______.
Electronegativity decreases as you move down a ______.
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Metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, have properties of both ______ and nonmetals.
Metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, have properties of both ______ and nonmetals.
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The ______ rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons.
The ______ rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons.
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Study Notes
Periodic Table Organization and Classification
- Periodic Law: Chemical and physical properties of elements repeat periodically when arranged by increasing atomic number.
- Groups (Families): Vertical columns of elements with similar properties.
- Periods: Horizontal rows of elements.
- Representative Elements: Groups 1, 2, and 13-18, diverse properties.
- Transition Metals: Groups 3-12.
- Metals: Shiny, solid at room temp, good conductors.
- Alkali Metals: Group 1 (except H), very reactive.
- Alkaline Earth Metals: Group 2, highly reactive.
- Transition and Inner Transition Metals: Sections where transition metals are grouped.
- Lanthanides and Actinides: Two sets of inner transition metals, typically at the bottom.
- Nonmetals: Generally gases or brittle solids, poor conductors.
- Halogens: Group 17, highly reactive.
- Noble Gases: Group 18, unreactive.
- Metalloids: Properties of both metals and nonmetals.
History of the Periodic Table
- Lavoisier: Compiled a list of 33 known elements in the late 1700s.
- New elements discovered in the 1800s, prompting a need for better organization.
- Newlands: Arranged elements by atomic mass, noticed repetition every 8 elements.
- Mendeleev: Developed a table arranging elements by atomic mass and similar properties. Predicted undiscovered elements.
- Moseley: Refined the table by arranging elements by increasing atomic number, leading to a clearer periodic pattern.
Modern Periodic Table Structure
- Modern table includes element name, symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass.
- Groups (families) are vertical columns.
- Periods are horizontal rows.
Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table Organization
- Electron configuration: Determines chemical properties of an element.
- Valence electrons: Number of electrons in the outermost energy level.
- Group 1 elements: One valence electron.
- Group 2 elements: Two valence electrons.
- Groups 13-18: Valence electrons = group number - 10
- Energy levels: Correspond to periods.
- Four blocks (s, p, d, f): Correspond to the filled or partially filled energy sublevels.
- S-block: Groups 1 & 2, plus Helium– s sublevel is filled.
- P-block: Groups 13-18, p sublevel filled
- D-block: Transition metals (largest block), outermost s orbital filled and a d orbital is filled.
- F-block: Inner transition metals, outermost s orbitals and 4f and 5f orbitals filled.
Periodic Trends
- Atomic radius: Decreases across a period, increases down a group.
- Ions: Atoms with a positive or negative charge.
- Ionization energy: Energy to remove an electron from a gaseous atom. Increases across a period, generally decreases down the group.
- Octet rule: Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 valence electrons (exceptions).
- Electronegativity: Ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Increases across a period, decreases down a group.
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Description
Explore the organization and classification of elements in the periodic table. This quiz covers important concepts including groups, periods, and the properties of various element categories. Test your knowledge on the periodic law and the characteristics of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
