Classification of Elements: Periodic Table Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the periodic law?

Law that states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

What is a group in the periodic table?

A column of elements in the periodic table; family.

What defines a family in the periodic table?

A column of elements in the periodic table; group.

What is a period in the periodic table?

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table. Signup and view all the answers

What is a metal?

An element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity, is shiny, has a high melting point, is ductile and malleable, and tends to lose electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What does luster refer to?

Shininess. Signup and view all the answers

What does ductile mean?

Able to be drawn into a thin wire. Signup and view all the answers

What does malleable mean?

Able to be hammered out into a thin sheet. Signup and view all the answers

What is corrosion?

Gradual wearing away of a metal due to a chemical reaction in which the metal element is changed into a metallic compound. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a nonmetal?

An element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, has a dull surface, low melting point, is brittle, breaks easily, and tends to gain electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a metalloid?

An element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

What is an alkali metal?

Member of element Family 1 that has 1 valence electron. Signup and view all the answers

What is an alkaline earth metal?

Member of element Family 2 that has 2 valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a transition metal?

Element that has properties similar to other transition metals and to other metals but whose properties do not fit in with those of any other family. Signup and view all the answers

What is the boron family?

Family 13 of the periodic table; elements have 3 valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the carbon family?

Family 14 of the periodic table; elements have 4 valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the nitrogen family?

Family 15 of the periodic table; elements have atoms with 5 valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the oxygen family?

Family 16 of the periodic table; elements have atoms with 6 valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the halogen family?

Family 17 of the periodic table; elements have atoms that contain 7 valence electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a noble gas?

Member of Family 18 of the periodic table; elements have atoms with 8 valence electrons and are extremely unreactive. Signup and view all the answers

What are rare-earth elements?

General designation for those elements in the lanthanoid and actinoid series. Signup and view all the answers

What is the lanthanoid series?

First row of rare-earth elements in the periodic table; soft, malleable metals that have a high luster and conductivity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the actinoid series?

Second row of rare-earth elements in the periodic table; radioactive; all but three are synthetic. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Periodic Law and Table Structure

Periodic law: The physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
Groups: Vertical columns in the periodic table, also referred to as families.
Periods: Horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table.

Properties of Elements

Metals: Good conductors of heat and electricity, shiny, high melting points, ductile, malleable, and tend to lose electrons.
Luster: Indicates the shiny appearance of an element.
Ductility: Refers to the ability of a metal to be drawn into thin wires.
Malleability: Describes the capability of a metal to be hammered into thin sheets.
Corrosion: The gradual wearing away of metals due to chemical reactions, resulting in the formation of metallic compounds.
Nonmetals: Poor conductors of heat and electricity, dull surfaces, low melting points, brittle, and tend to gain electrons.
Metalloids: Elements exhibiting properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Specific Families of Elements

Alkali Metals: Family 1 elements characterized by having 1 valence electron.
Alkaline Earth Metals: Family 2 elements with 2 valence electrons.
Transition Metals: Elements with properties similar to other transition metals but do not fit neatly into any specific family.

Element Families by Valence Electrons

Boron Family: Family 13 elements possess 3 valence electrons.
Carbon Family: Family 14 elements have 4 valence electrons.
Nitrogen Family: Family 15 elements contain 5 valence electrons.
Oxygen Family: Family 16 elements have 6 valence electrons.
Halogen Family: Family 17 elements contain 7 valence electrons.
Noble Gases: Family 18 elements have 8 valence electrons and are highly unreactive.

Rare-Earth Elements

Rare-Earth Elements: General term for elements in the lanthanoid and actinoid series.
Lanthanoid Series: First row of rare-earth elements, known for being soft, malleable metals with high luster and conductivity.
Actinoid Series: Second row of rare-earth elements, noted for being radioactive, with all but three being synthetic.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the periodic table with these flashcards. Explore key terms such as periodic law, groups, families, and periods that define the structure of the elements. This quiz is ideal for students learning chemistry concepts related to the periodic table.