Periodic Table Groups 1-18 Flashcards

Group 1: Alkali metals, characterized by their high reactivity and presence in nature only as compounds.
Group 2: Alkaline Earth metals, slightly less reactive than alkali metals and known for forming basic oxides.
Groups 3-12: Transition metals, known for their ability to form variable oxidation states and colored compounds.
Group 13: Contains aluminum, important for its lightweight properties and used extensively in construction and packaging.
Group 14: Includes carbon, crucial for organic chemistry and the foundation of life; known for forming diverse compounds.
Group 15: Comprises nitrogen, essential for amino acids and DNA; constitutes most of Earth's atmosphere.
Group 16: Oxygen, vital for respiration in living organisms; abundant in the Earth's crust and atmosphere.
Group 17: Halogens, highly reactive nonmetals, often found in compounds; include fluorine and chlorine.
Group 18: Noble gases, inert and stable gases at room temperature; typically do not react with other elements.

Major classifications: Metals, known for their conductivity and malleability; Non-metals, characterized by their lack of metallic properties.

Two names for columns: Family and group are used interchangeably within the periodic table, denoting vertical arrangements of elements.
Two names for rows: Periods and series indicate horizontal arrangements, reflecting increasing atomic number.

Elements such as Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, and Tellurium are classified as semi-conductors or metalloids, exhibiting properties of both metals and non-metals.
Mercury and bromine are unique as the two elements that naturally occur in a liquid state at room temperature.

Francium and fluorine are recognized as the two most reactive elements on the periodic table.
Total number of elements confirmed in the periodic table is 115, with 18 defined groups and 7 periods, indicating the organization of elements based on similar properties.