Chemistry Basics: Periodic Table, Elements, and Properties

The primary basis of the arrangement of elements in the periodic table is the atomic number. Across a period, atomic radius decreases, ionic radius decreases, ionization energy increases, electron affinity increases, and electronegativity increases. Down a group, atomic radius increases, ionic radius increases, ionization energy decreases, electron affinity decreases, and electronegativity decreases.

Alloys are mixtures of metals that have improved properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and ductility. They are useful for specific applications due to their tailored properties. However, the extraction and processing of metals for alloy production can lead to pollution problems, such as environmental degradation and health risks.

Addition polymers, such as polythene and polypropene, are formed through the addition of monomers, whereas condensation polymers, such as polyamides and polyesters, are formed through the condensation reaction between monomers. Addition polymers are typically more flexible and resistant to chemicals, while condensation polymers are more resistant to heat and abrasion. The improper disposal of these plastics contributes to pollution problems, such as plastic waste and microplastics in the environment.

<p>The tests used to identify these gases include limewater for CO2, burning splint for H2, glowing splint for O2, litmus paper for Cl2, wet red litmus paper for NH3, and acidified KMnO4 for SO2. These gases contribute to environmental pollution through their release into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change, acid rain, and air pollution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. They have the same chemical properties as their parent elements but differ in their physical properties, such as mass and radioactive properties. This makes them useful for applications such as nuclear medicine, radiocarbon dating, and nuclear power.</p> Signup and view all the answers