Period 6: Gilded Age Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes a key factor contributing to the rapid economic development during the Gilded Age?

  • A decline in large industrial production.
  • Decreased international communication and trade networks.
  • Massive technological change and pro-growth government policies. (correct)
  • Strict government regulations on business practices and trade.

How did new systems of production and transportation MOST affect the agricultural sector during the Gilded Age?

  • They led to widespread decreases in farm productivity and profits.
  • They encouraged a return to small-scale, localized farming practices.
  • They led to consolidation within the sector and increased instability. (correct)
  • They reduced the need for labor and decreased production output.

What was a primary effect of increased international and internal migration during the Gilded Age?

  • An increase in rural populations.
  • A significant decrease in urban populations.
  • Decreased social and cultural change in urban areas.
  • The rapid growth and development of a new urban culture. (correct)

Which of the following best characterizes the intellectual and cultural movements of the Gilded Age?

<p>They both reinforced and challenged existing societal structures of the time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key area of political debate during the Gilded Age, resulting from dramatic social changes?

<p>The balance between business power and government oversight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the concept of 'vertical integration' as practiced by industrialists like Andrew Carnegie?

<p>Controlling all aspects of production from raw materials to distribution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AF of L) differ significantly in their approaches and goals?

<p>Knights of Labor focused on broad social reform, while the AF of L focused on practical economic goals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key difference between “old” and “new” immigrant groups during the Gilded Age?

<p>Old immigrants generally assimilated more easily into American society, while new immigrants faced greater challenges. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Rise of Industrial Capitalism

The use of technology, mass production methods, and new markets to create a strong industrial economy.

Gilded Age Economic Development

A period of rapid economic growth and consolidation of businesses, fueled by technological advancements, improved transportation networks, and supportive government policies.

Economic Debates of the Gilded Age

A time of economic ups and downs, including financial panics, that led to different perspectives on the role of the government in regulating businesses and protecting workers.

Agricultural Changes in the Gilded Age

The impact of new farming techniques and transportation, mainly railroads, created a more unified agricultural system, but also led to challenges and responses from farmers.

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Gilded Age Migration and Urban Growth

The influx of immigrants from various countries, both from within the US and aboard, altered the demographics of urban areas, leading to cultural shifts and tensions.

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Gilded Age Culture & Intellectual Movements

During the Gilded Age, there were many cultural and intellectual movements like realism, naturalism, and social gospel, that offered both support for and challenges to the social structures of the time.

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Gilded Age Political Debates

Social changes in the Gilded Age prompted heated debates about citizenship, corruption in government, and the roles of business and government.

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Social Darwinism

The idea that individuals and businesses succeed because they are naturally superior, echoing the principles of ‘survival of the fittest’.

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Study Notes

Period 6: Gilded Age

  • Technological advances, large-scale production, and new markets spurred industrial capitalism.

  • Large-scale industrial production, massive technological advancements, expanded international communication networks, and pro-growth government policies led to rapid economic growth and business consolidation.

  • Diverse economic and labor perspectives emerged during periods of financial hardship and downturns.

  • New agricultural systems prompted consolidation in both urban and rural areas, along with periods of instability, forcing various responses from farmers.

  • Industrialization led to significant social and cultural change, marked by increased international and domestic migration, fostering new urban cultures.

  • The Gilded Age produced new cultural and intellectual movements, public reform efforts, and political debates over economic and social policies.

  • New cultural and intellectual movements impacted the established social order, prompting political debates about citizenship, corruption, and the proper relationship between business and government.

Capital and Labor

  • New industries, innovations, and mass production emerged.
  • Improvements in transportation, particularly railroads, impacted the economy.
  • Dominant industries (Rockefeller, Carnegie, Morgan) and related concepts like Social Darwinism, Gilded Age captains of industry or robber barons, philanthropy, and the Gospel of Wealth.
  • Methods of business consolidation like vertical and horizontal integration.

Life in Industrial America

  • Urbanization, reasons for migration to cities, and associated issues.
  • Nativism and reactions to immigrants, including the Chinese Exclusion Act.
  • Political machines, such as Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall, played a role in politics.
  • Mass marketing and mail-order businesses became significant economic forces.

Progressive Era

  • Populist movements advocating for farmers (Grangers, Alliances, People's Party).
  • Populist platform, free silver issues, election of 1896, and William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech are relevant.
  • Racial politics, including the perspectives of W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington, are crucial.

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Explore the transformative Gilded Age, characterized by technological advancements and industrial capitalism. Understand the diverse economic perspectives and social changes that emerged during this period of rapid growth and cultural shifts. Discover how agricultural systems and urban cultures responded to various challenges.

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