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Perinatal Asphyxia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Staging

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Perinatal Asphyxia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Staging

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Questions and Answers

What is the diagnostic criteria for perinatal asphyxia?

Apgar score of 5 at 5 minutes

Neonatal encephalopathy without multi-system organ dysfunction

Evidence of severe acidosis at birth (PH< 7) (correct)

Normal Apgar scores at 1, 5, and 10 minutes

What percentage of affected infants die due to moderate or severe HIE?

10-60% (correct)

1-5%

0-20%

70-90%

What is the definition of hypoxia?

Reduction or cessation of blood flow to the tissues

Partial or complete lack of oxygen in the tissues (correct)

Impaired blood gas exchange

Multi-system organ dysfunction

What does Apgar score assess?

<p>The condition of the baby directly after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact on survivors of perinatal asphyxia?

<p>At least 25% of survivors have long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Perinatal Asphyxia

Diagnostic criteria for perinatal asphyxia include a lack of breathing, a slow heart rate, and a low Apgar score at birth.
Additionally, presence of fetal distress, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and umbilical artery acidosis are also considered diagnostic criteria.

Mortality Rate

Moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) results in death for approximately 20-50% of affected infants.

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is defined as a state of inadequate oxygen supply to the body's tissues.

Apgar Score

Apgar score assesses the newborn's overall health and vitality at one and five minutes after birth, taking into account heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, reflexes, and color.

Impact on Survivors

Survivors of perinatal asphyxia are at risk of developing long-term neurological and cognitive impairments, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and learning disabilities.
Additionally, survivors may experience developmental delays, motor impairments, and vision or hearing problems.

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Description

This quiz covers the definition, pathophysiology, predisposing factors, clinical staging of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE), as well as investigations and therapeutic modalities related to perinatal asphyxia. Perfect for medical students and professionals looking to enhance their knowledge in pediatric medicine.