Pediatric Medicine Overview

<p>Infant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Managing age-related macular degeneration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pediatric histories often involve a parent or guardian as a historian. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adolescent medicine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smaller airways that are short and narrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A broad spectrum from preventive care to chronic disease management. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their growth and developmental milestones. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Current medication list from the patient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their oral airways are too small to breathe effectively. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adult infectious disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximizing a child's full adult potential. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pediatric care considers the growth and developmental stage of patient, while adult care focuses on the full-grown individual. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>98-140 bpm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher metabolic rates and faster absorption of substances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>18-25 bpm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pediatric patients have a normal temperature range of 97.9-100.4°F, while the adult range is 98.0-98.6°F (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90-160 bpm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adolescent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More prone to dehydration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medication dosages should often be <em>increased</em> due to faster metabolism and absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concrete thinking and limited resilience. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fractures in pediatric patients require more force to occur, resulting in a bigger impact. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children spend more time outside and on the ground. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical trials are predominantly performed with adults. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asthma. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Head and neck injuries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children's immature immune systems compared to adults. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;The Cold&quot; (viral URI). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longer time to reach maximum concentration and changes in bioavailability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased skin absorption and increased systemic exposure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced bioavailability with erratic absorption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in the distribution patterns of these drugs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower drug clearance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced renal clearance in neonates, and elevated renal clearance per kilogram in older children. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To account for differences in drug metabolism, and distribution based on a child's unique physiology compared to adults. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent off-label use of medications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess and guide public health and healthcare policy decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The quality of medical care, access to care, and health disparities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>64.6 per 1000 births (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congenital malformations, deformations &amp; chromosomal abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assault (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parents have a right to self-sacrifice, but not for their children. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infant mortality rates have decreased significantly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infant deaths that occur within the first 28 days after birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first 28 days of life.

The period from 1-3 years of age.

Children between the ages of 2-11 years.

Individuals between the ages of 11-21 years old.

Pediatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the health of children, encompassing physical, mental, and social development. It differs from adult medicine in several key areas.

The process of gathering information about a child's health, development, and well-being, including family history, social history, and immunization history.

A comprehensive physical examination of a child, adapted to their age and condition, to assess their overall health and identify potential problems.

Significant differences in body proportions, skin, respiratory system, and other body systems exist between children and adults, impacting how they experience illness and respond to treatment.

A period of rapid growth and development in a child's life, characterized by increased metabolic rate and absorption, making infants and children more vulnerable to dehydration and requiring higher water and calorie intake.

A state of having a lower than normal amount of body fluid, particularly in infants and children, who are more susceptible due to their high metabolic rate and rapid fluid loss.

The process by which medications are absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed throughout the body, which can be different in infants and children due to their immature organ systems.

The ability to maintain a stable body temperature, which is less developed in infants and children, making them more vulnerable to temperature changes.

The body's natural defense system, which is still maturing in infants and children, making them more susceptible to infections.

The ability to adjust medication dosages based on age, weight, and metabolic differences in infants and children to ensure safety and effectiveness.

The average blood pressure range for a neonate (0-1 month old).

The average respiratory rate range for a preschooler (3-5 years old).

Pediatrics encompasses a wide range of services, including preventive care, diagnosis, and treatment of both acute and chronic illnesses.

A pediatric patient is generally considered to be a child or adolescent, but the exact age range can vary depending on the specific context and specialty. While pediatricians typically treat children from birth to 18 years old, some specialties like adolescent medicine may focus on a narrower age range, often up to 21 years old.

Adolescent Medicine is a specialty within Pediatrics focusing on the unique physical, mental, and social needs of teenagers and young adults. This field addresses issues like puberty, sexual health, mental health, and transition to adulthood.

Pediatric Infectious Diseases focuses on preventing, diagnosing, and treating infections specific to children. This field is vital in understanding how children's immune systems differ from adults and how they respond to various pathogens.

Pediatric Cardiology is a branch of cardiology dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of heart conditions in children. It encompasses a wide range of heart conditions, from birth defects to acquired heart diseases.

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine is a highly specialized area of medicine that focuses on the care of critically ill children in intensive care units. These specialists manage complex and life-threatening conditions, requiring a deep understanding of pediatric physiology and critical care principles.

Child Abuse Pediatrics is a field of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of children who have experienced abuse or neglect. This specialty utilizes a multidisciplinary approach involving medical professionals, law enforcement, and social services to provide comprehensive care to child abuse victims.

Reduced gastrointestinal motility and increased stomach pH in infants and children can affect medication absorption, leading to prolonged time to reach maximum concentration and altered bioavailability, especially for oral medications.

The thinner, moister skin and increased cutaneous perfusion in children lead to enhanced absorption of topical medications, resulting in increased systemic exposure compared to adults.

Lower muscle mass, weaker muscles, and reduced blood flow to muscles in children can affect the absorption of intramuscular medications, leading to unpredictable bioavailability and absorption issues.

The increased water volume proportion in infants and young children can alter the distribution of drugs based on their water or lipid solubility, affecting drug concentrations in different body compartments.

Reduced activity of metabolic enzymes in children can lead to lower drug clearance, resulting in prolonged drug effects and potentially higher drug concentrations.

Renal function differs significantly between neonates and older children. Neonates have reduced renal function, while older children have a higher renal clearance per kilogram of body weight. These differences impact drug elimination.

Children require smaller medication doses than adults, and these doses are not simply proportional to their weight. Weight-based dosing is commonly used for infants and younger children.

Limited clinical trial data and standardized guidance for pediatric medication dosing and outcomes makes off-label use more common. This can lead to uncertainty and variability in treatment.

A national database that gathers information on births, deaths, marriages, and disease occurrences, providing valuable insights into population health and trends.

The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births within a given year. It reflects the overall health of a population and accessibility of medical care.

Deaths that happen during the first 28 days of life.

Deaths that happen between 28 days and 1 year of age.

The rate of mothers dying during pregnancy or childbirth.

The rate of infants dying within the first year of life.

The data from the National Center for Health Statistics reveals significant disparities in health outcomes due to factors like race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

Important indicators of the quality and accessibility of healthcare within a nation.

Development varies significantly with age, starting with egocentric and concrete thinking with limited resilience in children.

Children rely heavily on sensory experiences to learn and understand the world around them.

The ability to focus for extended periods time is limited in children.

Specific periods of rapid development in children, when they are most receptive to learning certain skills.

Children require adult assistance and protection due to their limited understanding of safety.

Children have unique environmental exposures compared to adults, including placental and breastfeeding experiences, increased outdoor time, and exposure to different microbes.

Children are more susceptible to illnesses and injuries due to their developing immune systems and bodies.

Children metabolize medications differently than adults, making dosage adjustments crucial.