5 Questions
Explain the functions of the eye (pupil, lens & retina) and photoreceptors (rods and cones) in biological vision.
The pupil controls the amount of light entering the eye, the lens focuses light onto the retina, and the retina contains photoreceptors (rods and cones) that detect light and transmit signals to the brain.
How is 3D perception achieved in images via pictorial depth cues?
3D perception is achieved in images through pictorial depth cues such as interposition, height in visual field, relative size, texture gradient, and linear perspective.
What is the significance of The Sweaty T-Shirt Study (Wedekind, 1995) in understanding perception?
The Sweaty T-Shirt Study demonstrated that humans can unconsciously detect and be attracted to potential mates based on their body odor, indicating the role of perception in mate selection.
How do illusions based on pictorial depth cues distort visual perception?
Illusions based on pictorial depth cues can distort visual perception by creating misleading depth information, leading to misinterpretations of size, distance, and shape.
What factors influence visual perception according to the concept of perceptual set?
Perceptual set is influenced by factors such as past experience, context, motivation, and emotional state, which shape how we perceive and interpret sensory information.
Study Notes
Biological and Psychological Impacts on Perception
- Biological vision involves the functions of the eye, including the pupil, lens, and retina, which work together to process light and transmit signals to the brain.
- Photoreceptors called rods and cones in the retina convert light into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain.
3D Perception and Illusions
- 3D perception is achieved in images through pictorial depth cues, including:
- Interposition (overlap)
- Height in visual field
- Relative size
- Texture gradient
- Linear perspective
- Illusions can distort visual perception by manipulating these pictorial depth cues.
Perceptual Set and Visual Perception
- Perceptual set, influenced by past experience, context, motivation, and emotional state, can affect visual perception.
- Perceptual set can lead to biased or selective perception of information.
The Sweaty T-Shirt Study
- In the Sweaty T-Shirt Study (Wedekind, 1995), women were asked to rate the attractiveness of men based on their body odor.
- The study found that women preferred the scent of men with a different genetic makeup than their own, suggesting an evolutionary advantage.
- The study demonstrates how perception can be influenced by subconscious factors, such as genetics.
Money and Perception
- Money can alter perception by influencing motivation, attention, and decision-making.
Classical and Operant Conditioning
- Classical conditioning involves associative learning, where a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit an unconditioned response.
- Operant conditioning involves learning through consequences, such as rewards or punishments, that follow behavior.
Pavlov's Experiment
- Ivan Pavlov's experiment demonstrated classical conditioning by pairing a bell (neutral stimulus) with food (unconditioned stimulus) to elicit salivation (unconditioned response).
- Over time, the bell alone could elicit salivation (conditioned response).
Types of Reinforcement and Punishment
- Positive reinforcement: a pleasing stimulus is added to increase behavior.
- Negative reinforcement: an unpleasant stimulus is removed to increase behavior.
- Positive punishment: an unpleasant stimulus is added to decrease behavior.
- Negative punishment: a pleasing stimulus is removed to decrease behavior.
Test your knowledge on the biological and psychological impacts on perception, as well as the functions of the eye and photoreceptors. Learn how 3D perception is achieved through pictorial depth cues and understand how illusions are created.
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