Psychology Chapter: Vision and Perception

<p>To transmit visual information to the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stimulates rods and cones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become nearly parallel and require less refraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulus, Transmission, Transduction, Processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Top-down processing relies on prior knowledge, while bottom-up processing relies on incoming data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time it takes to respond to a stimulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It raises. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower 'd' correlates with increased task complexity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychophysical approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improvement in detecting vertical stripes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transformation of sensory input into electrical signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporal lobe. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes responses denote correct rejections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dorsal pathway. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M-Ganglion cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slower identification of objects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Landmark discrimination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dorsal pathway. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They usually have symmetry. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To obtain information from the world through sensory interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A simple, three-dimensional shape recognized independently of orientation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Objects can be identified regardless of their angle or position. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distal stimulus is the perceived object, while proximal stimulus is the energy from that object (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy is transformed into electric signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degree of memory retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Details of oriented stimuli are better resolved when they are horizontal or vertical. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stimulus that is currently being focused on or noticed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Edges aid in identifying the spatial arrangement of geons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pure experimental task (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They establish patterns that our visual system becomes accustomed to. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They transform energy into electric signals for the brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The meaning conveyed by a scene. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulus energy on the receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results from complex, unobservable processes incorporating sensory data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusiform Face Area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brightness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is activated by emotional aspects of faces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It showed activity in the left hemisphere for the face image. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person's identity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual adaptation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicates the purity of the color. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light stimulating visual receptors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help infer distance using information available from one eye alone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sequential presentation of slightly different images. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motion parallax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transforms light into meaningful visual experiences through a series of steps. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves simultaneous processing in the retina and visual cortex. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constructivism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They both suggest how elements are mentally grouped together. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear perspective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saccadic suppression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It focuses on the direct relationship between perception and the environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing basic visual elements to identify patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can drastically impair visual function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which organisms receive information from the world, starting with a physical interaction between the organism and energy at sensory receptors.

The actual object or event in the world that we are perceiving.

The energy that reaches our sensory receptors, providing information about the distal stimulus.

The transformation of one form of energy (like light or sound) into electrical signals that our nervous system can understand.

The process of transmitting electrical signals from sensory receptors to the brain.

A task that focuses purely on perception, excluding other cognitive processes like memory or decision-making.

The process of categorizing or identifying a perceived stimulus based on past experiences or knowledge.

A measure of the minimum amount of stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time.

It is the process by which neurons transform signals into an understandable perception of the object, often different from the original signal.

Motor actions focused on the perceived object. Includes movements for interacting with the object.

The process of drawing conclusions based on incomplete sensory data and prior knowledge. Perception is only indirectly related to reality.

Processing information based on pre-existing knowledge, guiding perception.

Processing information based solely on incoming sensory data, triggered by stimulation of receptors.

The time taken to respond to a stimulus. Faster response implies faster processing.

A mathematical model describing how the perceived intensity of a stimulus relates to its physical intensity. It can be used to predict pain perception and how differences in stimulus intensity are perceived.

A component of the eye responsible for changing the shape of the lens to focus light on the retina. When the ciliary muscles tighten, the lens becomes rounder, increasing its refractive power.

A structure in the eye connecting the ciliary body to the lens. It helps maintain the shape of the lens and control its tension.

The transparent outer layer of the eye that helps focus light onto the retina.

The space between the cornea and the iris, filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor.

The opening in the iris that controls the amount of light entering the eye. It constricts in bright light and dilates in dim light.

A pigmented ring that surrounds the pupil and regulates its size.

A transparent structure behind the pupil that refracts light to focus images on the retina. Its shape changes to adjust for different distances.

The ability to detect a specific feature is impaired after prolonged exposure to that feature.

A visual feature that is not experienced during development may never be detected later in life.

Detectors specialized for processing different orientations of lines.

The pathway involved in recognizing objects and their characteristics.

The pathway involved in processing spatial information and location.

A brain region responsible for processing visual information from the eyes.

The ability to focus attention on a specific part of a scene.

The brain's ability to recognize objects in scenes even when they are arranged in an unusual way.

The tendency to see objects as being in front of a background rather than as part of it.

A visual representation of the world that consists of background elements and multiple objects organized in a meaningful way.

Recognition is unaffected by the viewpoint from which an object is seen. As long as enough of it is visible, it can be identified.

The process of breaking down complex objects into their basic components. These components are called geons.

The meaning of a scene. For example, a scene with a classroom might be interpreted as a place of learning.

The fact that details of oriented visual stimuli are better resolved if horizontal or vertical than oblique.

Visual features of a scene that are quickly perceived and provide information about the scene's layout.

A brain region specialized in processing faces. It responds strongly to faces but not to other objects.

A brain region that responds to the emotional content of faces. It helps us understand how someone is feeling.

A brain region involved in understanding where someone is looking and interpreting lip movements. It plays a key role in social interaction.

This brain area is involved in evaluating and judging facial attractiveness.

The ability to perceive color is subjective, meaning it's based on how our visual system interprets light wavelengths, not on any inherent property of objects.

The color we perceive depends on three main aspects: Hue, Brightness, and Saturation. Think of them as different color dimensions.

Color perception helps us in various ways, including detecting objects, organizing visual scenes, differentiating between objects, and identifying them.

Color perception involves light interacting with our visual receptors. Light sources, like the sun, and reflective surfaces, like an apple, all play a role in how we see color.

The ability of the visual system to perceive the distance of objects from the observer.

Specialized neurons in the visual cortex that respond to specific types of movement. These neurons are sensitive to the direction and speed of movement.

The brain's ability to compare the positions of objects over time, allowing us to perceive movement.

Monocular cues are depth cues that can be perceived with only one eye. They include relative size, interposition, linear perspective, texture gradient, and aerial perspective.

Binocular cues are depth cues that require information from both eyes. Retinal disparity is the most important binocular cue, arising from the slight difference in the images projected on the two retinas.

The slight difference in the images projected on the two retinas. The greater the disparity, the closer the object.

Our perception of motion even when no actual motion exists. Examples include stroboscopic motion and induced motion.

The visual system analyzes motion information using different strategies based on whether the object is moving relative to static surroundings or if multiple objects are moving in coordination.

The process of converting light energy into electrochemical signals by photoreceptor cells in the retina.

The brain combines extracted visual features like edges, lines, and colors to identify objects and construct scenes.

Visual elements close together tend to be perceived as belonging to a group.

Similar visual elements, like color or shape, are perceived as belonging to the same group.

Incomplete shapes are automatically filled in by the brain to create complete forms.

The brain perceives lines and patterns as continuous even when interrupted.

Elements moving in the same direction are perceived as belonging to the same group.

Perception is not passive, the brain actively constructs meaning from sensory data based on prior experiences.