10 Questions
What type of reaction is peptide bond formation an example of?
Condensation reaction
What is the term for a structure formed when a few amino acids are joined through peptide bonds?
Oligopeptide
What is the term for the residue at the end of a peptide with a free α-amino group?
Amino-terminal residue
What is the term for the residue at the end of a peptide with a free carboxyl group?
Carboxyl-terminal residue
What are molecules referred to as polypeptides generally characterized by?
Molecular weights below 10,000
What is the primary reason that prevents free rotation around the peptide bond?
Rigid and planar nature
Which characteristic of the peptide bond contributes to the trans configuration in the polypeptide chain?
Steric interference of R-groups
What contributes solely to the charged groups present in polypeptides?
N-terminal (α-amino) group
Which characteristic of the peptide bond results in it being shorter than a single bond?
Partial double-bond character
What allows the polypeptide chain to assume a variety of possible configurations?
Steric interference of R-groups
Study Notes
Peptide Bond Formation
- Peptide bond formation is an example of a dehydration reaction.
Peptide Structure
- A few amino acids joined through peptide bonds form a structure called an oligopeptide.
- The residue at the end of a peptide with a free α-amino group is called the amino terminus or N-terminus.
- The residue at the end of a peptide with a free carboxyl group is called the carboxyl terminus or C-terminus.
Polypeptide Characteristics
- Polypeptides are generally characterized by being long chains of amino acids.
- Free rotation around the peptide bond is prevented primarily due to the partial double-bond character of the peptide bond.
Peptide Bond Characteristics
- The partial double-bond character of the peptide bond contributes to the trans configuration in the polypeptide chain.
- The charged groups present in polypeptides are solely due to the ionizable side chains of amino acids.
- The peptide bond is shorter than a single bond due to the resonance stabilization of the peptide bond.
- The peptide bond allows the polypeptide chain to assume a variety of possible configurations due to its flexibility.
Test your knowledge on peptide bond formation and condensation reactions in living cells. Learn about the process of covalently joining amino acids and the formation of dipeptides.
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