Peopling of Mainland Southeast Asia Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was the simplest form of community in ancient Philippines known as?

  • Raja
  • Barangay (correct)
  • Lakan
  • Datu

    • Who led each barangay in ancient Philippine society?

  • Raja
  • Datu (correct)
  • Lakan
  • Sultan

    • Which civilization heavily influenced the culture of the Philippines before Spanish colonization?

  • Persian
  • Roman
  • Austronesian (correct)
  • Egyptian

    • What term describes the larger alliances of barangays in ancient Philippine society?

    <p>Lakan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is identified as the ancestors of modern Filipinos?

    <p>Malays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What interruption occurred in the gradual spread of Islam in the Philippines?

    <p>Spanish colonization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the first arrival of Europeans in the Philippines?

    <p>Ferdinand Magellan's expedition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributed to Spain's struggles in establishing control over the Philippines?

    <p>Unity among native Filipinos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary religion of the Kingdom of Funan?

    <p>Hinduism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neighboring kingdom seized power from Funan in the sixth century?

    <p>Kingdom of Chenla (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes Angkor Wat?

    <p>It was derived from Hindu cosmology and served as a tomb for kings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the main products traded between Vietnam and China?

    <p>Ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and aromatic woods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major civilization succeeded the Funan kingdom in Java?

    <p>Sailendra/Shailendra/Selendra Dynasty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the rise of the Kingdom of Chenla?

    <p>The fall of the Kingdom of Funan. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which empire was primarily involved in extensive trade across the region, contributing to the spread of Islam?

    <p>Malacca Empire (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred during the Lê Dynasty in Vietnam?

    <p>Shift from Buddhism to Confucianism as the primary religion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dynasty is known for its cultural achievements and the construction of significant Buddhist monuments in Java?

    <p>Sailendra/Shailendra/Selendra Dynasty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who founded the Toungoo Dynasty in Burma/Myanmar?

    <p>King Mingyi Nyo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the primary resources that the Srivijaya Empire traded that attracted international traders?

    <p>Precious metals, wood, and spices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marked the decline of the Majapahit Empire?

    <p>Piracy and the spread of Islam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the Kingdom of Pagan's economy?

    <p>Primarily an agricultural community. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the ruler that created a legal code based on Hindu and Thai traditions in the Kingdom of Ayutthaya?

    <p>Ramathibodi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the dominant religion in the Srivijaya Empire during its peak?

    <p>Buddhism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which empire is notable for its connection to both trade and the cultural spread of Islam in the region?

    <p>Malacca Empire (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Funan's peak

    Funan, a powerful kingdom in Southeast Asia, reached its height of influence and control around the late 5th century C.E.

    Chenla's success

    Following Funan's decline, Chenla rose as a powerful kingdom in present-day Cambodia from the 6th to the 9th centuries.

    Angkor Wat's significance

    Angkor Wat, a magnificent temple complex in Cambodia, served as a significant religious center and royal tomb.

    Pagan's religion

    The Kingdom of Pagan, located in Burma (Myanmar), was a predominantly Buddhist kingdom.

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    Toungoo Dynasty's expansion

    The Toungoo Dynasty, founded by Mingyi Nyo, grew to encompass southern Burma/Myanmar under Kings Mingyi Nyo and Tabinshwehti.

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    Lê Dynasty's rule

    The Lê Dynasty in Vietnam ruled from 1428 to 1789, experiencing periods of expansion.

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    Vietnam's struggles

    Throughout history, Vietnam has encountered numerous conflicts with neighboring China.

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    Pagan's downfall

    The Kingdom of Pagan, in Burma, eventually fell under conquest by the Thai.

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    Barangay

    The basic unit of community in pre-colonial Philippines, composed of 30-100 families.

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    Datu

    The leader of a barangay in pre-colonial Philippines.

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    Lakan

    The leader of an alliance of barangays in pre-colonial Philippines.

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    Raja

    The leader of a larger alliance of barangays in pre-colonial Philippines.

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    Philippines' Culture

    The Philippines' unique cultural heritage was influenced by Austronesians, Chinese, and Muslims before Spanish colonization.

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    Ancient Filipinos

    Early inhabitants of the Philippines included the Aeta and Malay, ancestors of modern Filipinos.

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    Linguistic Connections

    Similarities between Philippine languages like Tagalog and Visayan and those in southern China offer clues about Filipino ancestry.

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    First Settlers

    The first settlers in the Philippines were of Mongoloid descent, which can still be seen in Filipinos today.

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    Lê Emperors' Reforms

    The Lê emperors adopted Chinese legal and administrative systems.

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    Ayutthaya Empire

    A powerful Thai empire (1351-1767) established by Ramathibodi.

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    Srivijaya Empire

    A wealthy Sumatran kingdom (600-1300) with a strong navy and trade focus.

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    Majapahit Empire

    A powerful Indonesian empire (1293-1528) formed after the Srivijaya.

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    Malacca Empire

    A Malaysian empire (1403-1511) known for its trade and spread of Islam.

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    Sailendra Dynasty

    A Javanese dynasty (750-850) known for its Buddhist temples.

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    Kingdom of Ayutthaya's Law

    Based on Hindu and Thai traditions, fundamental to Thai law until the 19th century.

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    Fall of Majapahit

    The Majapahit Empire fell in 1528 due to increasing Islamic influence.

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    Study Notes

    Peopling of Mainland Southeast Asia

    • Various theories explain the origins of cultures in Mainland Southeast Asia
    • Bellwood's Mainland Hypothesis proposes ancestors of Mainland Southeast Asia populations originated from Austronesian-speaking peoples in Taiwan, migrating to the region. This is often referred to as the Out-of-Taiwan hypothesis.
    • Solheim's Island Hypothesis suggests cultures developed through trade and communication among Southeast Asian islands.
    • Current anthropological views often combine elements of both hypotheses, acknowledging the interconnectedness of various ideas.
    • Studying Mainland Southeast Asia cultures provides insights into regional population histories.

    Ancient Insular Civilizations

    • Civilization refers to a high level of cultural and technological advancement where writing and record keeping are common.
    • Numerous kingdoms flourished across Southeast Asia. Some prominent examples of kingdoms include Ayutthaya, Champa, Chenla, Funan, Pagan, and Vietnam.
    • Vietnam struggled with invasions from China; China supplied materials like ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and aromatic woods.
    • Funan was a powerful 1st-century kingdom in Southern Cambodia, notable for its trade connections and Hindu faith. It flourished for 500 years and its leader was known as the King of the Mountains.

    Ancient Civilizations in the Southeast

    • Srivijaya, the "Great Victory," was a powerful maritime kingdom located on Sumatra from approximately 600-1300.
      • Known for its wealth in gold.
      • Expanded its territory throughout the Malay Peninsula, influencing various parts of Java.
      • A powerful Buddhist naval empire, attracting traders from Arabia, India, and Africa.
    • Majapahit Empire (1293-1528) emerged as a powerful empire in Indonesia and exerted control over parts of Borneo, Celebes, and the Moluccas.
      • Briefly took power from Srivijaya
      • Faced challenges related to piracy and the spread of Islam.

    Kingdom of Chenla, Angkor, Pagan

    • Chenla, located in northern Cambodia, took influence and power from the fall of Funan.
    • Angkor, the capital of the Khmer Empire, is notable for its magnificent temples. Angkor Wat is considered a significant example of this era’s architecture.
    • Pagan, established in Burma (Myanmar), flourished as an agricultural power and is known for its Buddhist temples.

    Other Topics

    • Lê Dynasty: Ruled Vietnam from 1428 to 1789, expanding Vietnam's territory northward into regions of Laos and Burma.
    • Ayutthaya (1351-1767): A strong Thai kingdom, located in present-day Thailand, with Buddhism as its dominant religion. It developed a legal and administrative system based on Hindu and Thai traditions.
    • Sailendra (Shailendra/Selendra Dynasty): Ruled Java from 750-850, known for their connection to Buddhism. Rich in culture, particularly reflected in temple and monument building.
    • Toungoo Dynasty: The Toungoo Dynasty expanded into southern Burma (Myanmar), initially by unifying neighboring kingdoms (especially Inwa). Further expansion occurred under King Tabinshwehti.
    • Malacca Empire: (1403–1511): located in present-day Malaysia, was a major center for trade and exerted a powerful influence over the region's religion, culture, and trade. This empire grew via alliances.
    • Philippines: Was composed of various independent barangays, with a datu at the head of each. The kingdoms and empires in the region influenced the culture, religion, and traditions. Some key topics related to the Philippines include the introduction of Hinduism and Buddhism (Indian influence); the use of various trading systems from China; the beliefs in ancestral spirits.

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    Peopling of Mainland Southeast Asia Handout

    Description

    Test your knowledge about the origins of cultures in Mainland Southeast Asia. This quiz covers key theories such as Bellwood's Out-of-Taiwan hypothesis and Solheim's Island Hypothesis, as well as the ancient civilizations that thrived in the region. Dive into the interconnected history of these fascinating societies!

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