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Questions and Answers
In the context of people’s resistance, which sections of Indian society are included in the term 'people'?
In the context of people’s resistance, which sections of Indian society are included in the term 'people'?
What is the main focus of the chapter 'People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857'?
What is the main focus of the chapter 'People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857'?
What does the term 'alien rule' refer to in the context of the text?
What does the term 'alien rule' refer to in the context of the text?
Who fought for the protection of their interests against the alien rule according to the text?
Who fought for the protection of their interests against the alien rule according to the text?
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What is the significance of the incidents before the 1857 revolt according to the text?
What is the significance of the incidents before the 1857 revolt according to the text?
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What groups of people did the resentment against the alien rule manifest in according to the text?
What groups of people did the resentment against the alien rule manifest in according to the text?
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What did the urban movements in Benares, Surat, and Bareilly converge on as a common objective?
What did the urban movements in Benares, Surat, and Bareilly converge on as a common objective?
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What were the major forms of people's resistance according to Bipan Chandra?
What were the major forms of people's resistance according to Bipan Chandra?
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What was the effect of colonial rule and its policies on the Indians?
What was the effect of colonial rule and its policies on the Indians?
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What were the causative factors for people's resentment and uprisings against the Company rule?
What were the causative factors for people's resentment and uprisings against the Company rule?
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What made the conditions of the tribal people more aggrieved and violent?
What made the conditions of the tribal people more aggrieved and violent?
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What led to the devastation of Indian handloom and handicraft industries?
What led to the devastation of Indian handloom and handicraft industries?
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What did civil uprisings generally encompass?
What did civil uprisings generally encompass?
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What were former poligars in South India associated with?
What were former poligars in South India associated with?
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What is mentioned as some examples of urban movements in the text?
What is mentioned as some examples of urban movements in the text?
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What did people's resistance converge on as a common objective?
What did people's resistance converge on as a common objective?
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Study Notes
People’s Resistance in Indian Society
- The term 'people' includes various sections of Indian society, including peasants, artisans, soldiers, tribal groups, and urban populations.
Focus of People's Resistance Before 1857
- The chapter emphasizes the collective response and uprisings against British colonial oppression prior to the 1857 revolt.
Alien Rule
- 'Alien rule' refers to the British control and governance over India, viewed as foreign and oppressive by the local population.
Protection of Interests
- Various groups, including peasants, tribals, and local rulers, fought to safeguard their rights and interests against the alien rule.
Significance of Incidents Before 1857
- Pre-1857 events highlight the growing discontent and resistance, laying the groundwork for the larger revolt against British rule.
Manifestation of Resentment
- Resentment against alien rule was evident among diverse groups such as zamindars, farmers, merchants, and tribal populations.
Urban Movements
- Movements in Benares, Surat, and Bareilly shared a common goal of resisting colonial policies and protecting local interests.
Major Forms of People’s Resistance
- According to Bipan Chandra, major forms included revolts, protests, and the establishment of alternative governance structures.
Effects of Colonial Rule
- Colonial rule led to economic exploitation, loss of livelihoods, and erosion of traditional rights, significantly impacting Indian society.
Causative Factors for Resentment
- Factors included economic oppression, cultural dislocation, and policies that favored British interests over local needs.
Aggravation of Tribal Conditions
- Displacement from traditional lands and imposition of taxes turned tribal communities increasingly aggrieved and violent.
Devastation of Industries
- Colonial policies and industrial competition resulted in the decline of Indian handloom and handicraft industries.
Civil Uprisings
- Civil uprisings typically involved a spectrum of socio-political and economic issues, leading to organized resistance against colonial authority.
Former Poligars in South India
- These were local chieftains who resisted British encroachment on their territories and autonomy.
Examples of Urban Movements
- Movements in cities like Benares, Surat, and Bareilly are noted for their efforts to unite various social groups against colonial rule.
Common Objective of Resistance
- People's resistance converged on the shared aim of ending alien rule and restoring local governance and rights.
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Description
Explore the instances of resistance against the British rule before the 1857 Revolt, shedding light on the building resentment and acts of defiance by various groups. Understand the early signs of opposition to the alien rule in India.
